By: Jaime Morales
EDTC 3320
ADDIE: A VISUAL GUIDE
The 5 phases of the
ADDIE Model
include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Analysis
Design
Develop
Implement
Evaluate
www.csuchico.edu
“Considering that theory drives practice and
practice tests theories (Argyris & Schön, 1974;
Reay, 1986), it has become generally accepted that
linking both instructional and learning theories
to practice is an essential approach to efficacious
educational design work (Tennyson, 2010)”.
(Excerpt from Ashbaugh, M. 2013)
According to Shor (2012) “every workplace learning and
performance professional is familiar with ADDIE”. Shor
(2012) affirms that ADDIE “ has been the instructional
systems design approach of choice for many years and is
part of the ASTD competency model, crossing over into
multiple areas of expertise, including designing learning,
delivering training, human performance improvement
(HPI), and measuring and evaluating”.
Phase 1
In this phase, there is a careful examination of the learner
and the scope that includes background knowledge and
competency, learner characteristics, the goal and intent
of each learner with expected outcome while considering
timelines and budget while not forgetting the affective
domain of each learner and their desire, motivation and
goal to learn and achieve.
Phase 2
This phase considers the content of what will be taught,
delivery processes and approaches that include
differentiation, interactivity that meets the expectations
of building cognitive, psychomotor and affective skills,
while simultaneously meeting content objectives within
each activity, lesson, module or project.
Phase 3
In this phase, the consideration to the variance of
learner’s needs is extended a bit further. The aspect of
differentiation is broadened so that the view
encompasses various formats of delivery, multimedia
use, allowing for exploration and creativity and higher
success in learning and performance at heightened
levels.
Phase 4
A plan is only as good as its implementation,
therefore there must be a back-up in case something
is not functional or challenges are met.
A learner has to know how a plan will be carried out
from start to finish. They must know firsthand what
tools and resources will be available to ensure correct
application and implementation.
Phase 5
Phase 5 is about assessing whether or not there was
success. Success in performance, achievement of
standards, certain methodology, in the design,
development, and implementation of the project, task,
application.
This is an observation into what worked, what didn’t
and how can it be changed to be more effective.
ADDIE Model. Retrieved from: www.csuchico.edu on
February 1, 2014.
Argyris, C. & Schön, D. (1974). Theory in practice: Increasing
professional effectiveness. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Ashbaugh, M. (2013). Personal Leadership in Practice: A Critical
Approach to Instructional Design Innovation Work. Techtrends:
Linking Research & Practice To Improve Learning, 57(5), 74-82.
Reay, R. (1986). Bridging the gap: A model for integrating theory
and practice. British Journal of Social Work, 16, 65-77.
Shor, R. M. (2012). ADDIE +: Adopting Proven Practices From the
IT Industry. T+D, 66(5), 56-61.
Tennyson, R. D. (2010). Historical reflection on learning theories
and instructional design. Contemporary Educational Technology,
2010, 1(1), 1-16. [ELECTRONIC VERSION]. Retrieved on February
7, 2014 from http://cedtech.net/articles/11/111.pdf
Wang, S., & Hsu, H. (2009). Using the ADDIE Model to Design
Second Life Activities for Online Learners. Techtrends: Linking
Research & Practice To Improve Learning, 53(6), 76-81