Unit 11: Intelligence and
Personality
Intro, Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamics
Psychoanalysis Party Game
• Group yourselves into groups of five
• Each person take five slips of paper
Personality is…
• Characteristic pattern of thinking,
feeling, and acting
• It is what makes us unique
• Psychoanalytic
• Childhood sexuality
and unconscious
drive personality
• Humanistic
– Inner capacities for
growth and selffulfillment drive
personality
Today – focus on biological roots, nurture of environment, self-serving bias, and cultural influences
Psychoanalysis –
NOTHING IS ACCIDENTAL
•Freud
• Hypnosis (lacked something, think
testing…)
• Free association
• Personality is – what arises from
conflict between impulse and
restraint
• What does that mean?
Where else did we talk about Freud this year?
Dreams
•Manifest content
•Latent content
• How do these things come together to explain the
psychoanalytic theory of dreams?
So how do we break into our unconscious? What
is our unconscious?
Just for reference
if you need it…
So let’s go back to his definition of personality
again
•Arises from the conflict between
impulse and restraint
• Which is the biological function, which is the social contrast?
Psychoanalytical Personality
Development
• Freudian stages
• (id dominated)
• Psychosexual phases thru
erogenous zones
Psychosexual
Stages Chart
Identification
• If you can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em
•Coping mechanisms with threatening
feelings of competition with their same-sex
parent by identifying with that parent
• Which psychosexual stage would this be a part of?
Freud Applications
• Oedipus or Electra Complexes
What is psychoanalytic anxiety?
• What role does the Ego play in anxiety?
• Unresolved conflicts from psychosexual phases = fixation
Defense Mechanisms – reduce/redirect anxiety
by distorting reality
• Repression
• Underlies ALL OTHER DM’S
• Banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts from
consciousness
• Seen thru dreams and slips of the tongue
• Regression
• When faced with anxiety, retreats to infantile
stage
• Homesick from camp/college
• Thumb sucking
• Reaction formation
• Ego unconsciously switches unacceptable
impulses into opposites
• I hate him/her because I love him/her.
Defense mechanisms cont’d
• Projection
• Disguise your own threatening impulse
• She or he doesn’t trust me = I don’t trust myself
• Rationalization
• Self-justifying actions
• “Social drinkers”
• Displacement
• Shifts sexual or aggressive impulses towards a less threatening object
• Everyday of your teenage life…
• Denial
• S/he would never cheat on me…
• It’s going to be different this time…
• Sublimation
• Re-channel unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities
• Socially adaptive
• Leonardo and Madonna paintings
Neo-Freudians
•
Took basic ideas and
a. Focused more on consciousness
b. Discussed items outside of sex and aggression
Alfred Adler - concepts
• Childhood is important, focus on social
not sexual tensions
• Inferiority complex
• Fictional finalism
• The ends justify the means
• all men created equal
• Birth order studies
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PRONOUNCED HORN-EYE
Basic anxiety studies
3 ways we relate to others (toward, away, against)
Womb envy
Childhood anxiety caused by dependent child’s helplessness
• Triggers desire for love and security
• Believed Freud to be SUPER biased
Carl Jung
• Less emphasis on social, more on
repression
• Archetypes (self, shadow)
• Collective unconscious
• Why are people spiritual?
• Who do you mourn more and why?
• Victims of Sandy Hook?
• Collateral damage of 22 victims in
Afghanistan?
Two more…
• Nancy Chodorow:
• Male and female identification with the mother
• Matina Horner:
• Women’s fear of success
• Success phobia – fear of discovering true potential
Assessing the unconscious
• Projective tests – what does it mean to project?
• TAT: Thematic Apperception Test
• Rorschach Inkblot
Why can’t I trust my husband?
Rorschach Inkblot
• Highly subjective
• Today used as an icebreaker in psychoanalysis
• Inner feelings or mindset linked to interpretation of inkblot
Criticisms of Freud/Psychoanalysis
• Freud and Ford
• But!
• Where’s the social aspect?
• Cultural aspect?
• Evolutionary traits?
• Loftus studies and repression vs. false memory
• Can you actively forget?
Where is Freud correct?
• We have limited access to our minds
• The unconscious goes into…
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Two track mind
Schemas
Priming
Split brain
Parallel processing
Implicit memories
Emotions before analysis of event
Self concept and stereotypes
• Defense mechanisms and false consensus effects
Conclusion
•WE DEFEND OURSELVES AGAINST ANXIETY
• How do we go about doing that? I don’t know… ask Freud.
• Application
• Terror management theory
What is going through your mind?
Terror Management Theory
• People explore emotions and have certain
behavioral responses when dealing with impending
death