Lecture Overview
• Description of Canada’s Past Population
• Description of Canada’s Current/Future
Population
• Definitions of concepts
Description of Canada’s Past
• Why learn about the history of racialized
groups?
– Stephan & Stephan 02
– Cultural Circles Exercise
• Similar to Qs: Why learn about own culture?
Review
• Description of Canada’s Past Population
• Description of Canada’s Current/Future
Population
Canadian Population in 2017
• 19-23% of Canadians will be VM
• Why?
– Immigration
• Immigrants will be 22% of pop’n
– Higher fertility of VM
– Younger age structure of VM
Canadian Population in 2017
• Who?
– Equal proportions of S. Asian & Chinese, next
highest is Black
• Where?
– 75% of VM will be living in TO, Vancouver,
Montreal
• More than 50% of SA & 40% of Chinese in Canada will
live in TO
• Of the VMs in Montreal, 27% will be Blacks & 19%
will be Arab
Implications of Forecasts
• By VM group
• By VM & geographic region
• For…
– Recruitment
– Community Services
– Service Industries
Review
• Description of Canada’s Past Population
• Description of Canada’s Current/Future
Population
• Definitions of concepts
–
–
–
–
Race
Discrimination
Stereotyping
Prejudice
What is Race
• An old classification system based on
– Skin colour
– Bodily features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Accent/speech
Name
Clothing/grooming
Diet
Beliefs/practices
Leisure preferences
Place of origin
Citizenship
Problems with concept of Race
• Lack of scientific evidence for racial
classification system
– Differences within races on important
characteristics are greater than those between
races
• Social belief in existence of race has persisted
despite lack of scientific proof
What is not Race?
• Difference between race &….
– Gender
– Discrimination, prejudice, stereotyping
– Other cultural characteristics (e.g., individualism)
• Use test of amt of differences between vs. within groups
What is discrimination?
• Discrimination
– When similar or better qualified applicant…
• Does not get job applied for
• Gets job below qualification
• Receives lower pay for same job
Krauss in NYT
What is discrimination?
• Unequal treatment or behavior toward members
of different groups (Stephan & Stephan 02)
• Distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference
based on group membership impairing human
rights (Human rights doc)
– Impose burdens not imposed on others
– Withhold or limit access to benefits available to
others
Examples of Discrimination
• Individual
– E.g., behaviors like different performance ratings
for members of different groups all else being
equal
• Institutional
– Policies, practices, procedures that disadvantage
members of some groups
– Unequal representation in upper & middle layers
of administration, economic & media institutions
Compare with Brief et al
Examples of Discrimination
• Societal
– Group differences in
• Poverty
• Imprisonment
• Access to employment, housing, healthcare
Prejudice
Discrimination
Stereotype
Stephan & Stephan 02
What are stereotypes
• Associating members of certain groups
with certain characteristics
– E.g., Perceived to be alike in some way (i.e.
have similar traits)
• E.g., Most Asians are “smart”, “geeky”, “have
similar eye size”
• Can be positive or negative
• Can be true/false of group &/ individual
• Implications for functionality
Stephan & Stephan 02
Examples of Stereotypes
• Confusing one member of group for another
– Believing them to be similar in
personality/behavior
• E.g., editors vs. journalists
• Assuming characteristics of individual based
on group membership
– E.g., assuming your are nanny because you are
Filipino, Assuming non-Whites are not Canadian;
Wong’s Globe & Mail
What are not stereotypes?
• Prejudice
– Negative feelings (e.g., dislike) toward someone
because of group they belong to
• Discrimination
– Behavior/outcome
Wong in Globe & Mail; Krauss in NYT
What are not stereotypes
• Culturally valid characteristics
– e.g., collectivism
• Asians score higher (in general) on collectivism,
• Any single Asian may not score higher than a non-Asian
on collectivism
• Scores on collectivism can be reliably measured
• Scores on collectivism are related to important other
characteristics
What is racism/prejudice?
• Negative attitudes
• Negative evaluations & feelings
• E.g., Evaluations: They are bad…
• Feelings: I hate..
• Stephan & Stephan 02
– Compare w/Human Rights doc definitions
• Racism vs. prejudice has notion of power
• Sociologically based
Prejudice
Negative
Feelings
Negative
Thoughts
Negative Associations
Stereotypes
Positive Associations
Today’s learning
• A brief history of visible minority groups in
Canada
• What will be the nature of Canada’s
population?
• Compare & contrast the concepts of
–
–
–
–
Race
Stereotyping
Prejudice
Discrimination