SBI3C: December Exam Review Package
Microbiology:
1. List three similarities and three differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Similarities: Both are cells, both have DNA, both replicate by cell division.
Differences: Prokaryotes have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotes are always single-celled
Found in domain eubacteria and archeabacteria only.
2. Match the following terms to the appropriate definition.
Term
Definition
Species _b____
a. A category used to classify organisms
Binomial Nomenclature
______
b. A group of organisms that are so closely related they can
breed to produce fertile offspring
d
Taxa __a___
c. The first word in binomial nomenclature
Kingdom __e____
d. The scientific method of naming organisms using two latin
names
Dichotomous Key __f___
e. The most general taxa
Genus _c____
f. A two-part key used to classify living things
3. Is a virus a cell? Give two reasons to support your answer.
No – it needs a host to replicate
- it contains only DNA and protein
4. What two components does every virus particle contain?
- capsid, nucleic acid
5. Describe what occurs in each stage of the lytic cycle.
A. Virus attaches to host cell
B. Inserts it’s DNA
C. Virus directs host cell to synthesize proteins
and nucleic acids
D. Newly created virus components are assembled
to form new virus particles
E. Cell lysis: Host Cell explodes releasing newly
synthesized viral particles
1
6. Compare and contrast the viral lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle.
Similarities
Both infect host
Use host machinery to replicate
Differences
Lytic - Causes host cell lysis (death)
Lysogenic – Virus integrates into host DNA
Lytic – virus escapes from cell
Lysogenic – virus can be dormant within host
6. Label the parts of the bacteria cell below:
Nucleic acid
Cell wall
ribosome
cilia
flagellum
7. List and sketch the three different shapes of bacteria.
2
8. You are told you have an infection of Streptococcus pyogenes.
a. Sketch what you think this bacteria would look like in the box below.
b. What genus is this bacteria from? Streptococcus
9. a. The process pictured below is called binary fission.
b. Beside each step in the picture below describe what is happening.
10. a. Describe the process of conjugation.
Conjugation - Two cells join briefly and one cell donates some DNA (called a plasmid) to the other
one.
b. Why is it useful for a cell to perform conjugation, and not rely purely on binary fission?
Creates more genetic diversity.
11. a. Name and describe one harmful bacteria.
Streptococcus – strep throat
Clostridium – botulism
Bacillus - anthrax
Helicopter pylori – causes stomach ulcers
b. Name and describe one helpful bacteria.
Acetobacter -vinegar production
Streptococcus – production of dairy products
Bacillus – natural pest killer
3
12. Why are antibiotics not effective against a viral infection?
Antibiotics kill bacteria specifically and viruses are another group entirely.
Dichotomous Key Problem
Common
Name
Scientific Name
Common
Name
Scientific Name
Meleagris gallopavo
1. dog
Canis familiaris
2. shark
Carcharodon carcharias
9. oyster
3. rose
Rosa sylvestris
10. mosquito
4. skunk
Mephitis mephitis
11. mushroom
5. turkey
Meleagris gallopavo
12. cow
8. canary
Haematopus ostralegus
Ochloerotatus
taeniorhynchus
Boletus edulis
Bos taurus
Pinus ponderosa
6. dolphin
Tursiops truncates
13. pine tree
7. eagle
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
14. ivy
4
Rhus toxicodendron