Chapters 8A (Motivation) and Chapter 8B (Emotion)
Key Term
motivation
Definition
a need or desire that energizes and directs
behavior
Example
Family can be considered a motivator
for a good job to earn money to support
them
instinct
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned
throughout a species and is unlearned
the idea that a physiological need creates an
aroused tension state that motivates an organism
to satisfy the need
the maintenance of stable internal conditions
Positive or negative environmental stimulus
that motivates behavior
Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states
that we must achieve lower level needs such as
physiological needs before we can achieve
higher level needs, such as self-actualization
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and
provides the major source of energy for body
tissues.
the point at which an individual's "weight
thermostat" is supposedly set; when the body
falls below this weight, an increase in hunger
and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore
the lost weigh
the body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Infants’ innate reflexes for rooting and
sucking
Drive being hunger and the drive
reducing behavior being eating
drive-reduction theory
homeostasis
incentive
hierarchy of needs
glucose
set point
basal metabolic rate
anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa
binge-eating disorder
sexual response cycle
refractory period
estrogens
testosterone
an eating disorder in which a normal-weight
person diets and becomes significantly
underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to
starve
an eating disorder characterized by episodes of
overeating, usually of high-calorie foods,
followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or
excessive exercise
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by
distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the
compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive
exercise that marks bulimia nervosa
the four stages of sexual responding described
by Masters and Johnson
Such as blood glucose
Aroma of baked goods
Physiological needs like food and water
When low, we feel hungry
A teen’s weight always going back to
120-125 but never really going less or
more than that
Our bodies regulate weight through food
intake, energy output and basal
metabolic rate
Mary-Kate Olsen
Ballerinas
These eating disorders are usually most
common with women
Excitement, plateau, orgasm, and
resolution.
a resting period after orgasm, during which a
Can last a few minutes to days
man cannot achieve another orgasm.
female sex hormones with levels that peak
Estradiol
during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity
male sex hormones that stimulates the growth of Manufactured by testes
the male sex organs in the fetus and the
sexual orientation
emotion
James-Lange theory
Cannon-Bard theory
two-factory theory
polygraph
facial feedback
development of the male sex characteristics
during puberty
an enduring sexual attraction toward members
of either one's own sex (homosexual
orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual
orientation)
a response of the whole organism, involving (1)
physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors,
and (3) conscious experience.
theory that our experience of emotion is our
awareness of our physiological responses to
emotion-arousing stimuli
theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus
simultaneously triggers physiological responses
and the subjective experience of emotion
theory that to experience emotion one must be
physically aroused and cognitively label the
arousal
a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect
lies, that measures several of the physiological
responses accompanying emotion
the effect of facial expressions on experienced
emotions
catharsis
Emotional release
feel-good, do-good
phenomenon
people's tendency to be helpful when already in
a good mood.
well-being
self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with
life.
adaptation-level
phenomenon
relative deprivation
our tendency to form judgments relative to a
neutral level defined by our prior experience
the perception that we are worse off relative to
those with whom we compare ourselves
behavioral medicine
an interdisciplinary field that integrates
behavioral and medical knowledge and applies
that knowledge to healthy and disease
a subfield of psychology that provides
psychology's contribution to behavioral
medicine
health psychology
stress
the process by which we perceive and respond
to certain events, called stressors, that we
appraise as threatening or challenging
Homosexual orientation or heterosexual
orientation
Anger
Pounding heart (arousal) then fear
(emotion) follows
Pounding heart (arousal) and fear
(emotion) happens at the same time
Pounding heart (arousal) with cognitive
label then follows emotion
Measures responses such as perspiration
and cardiovascular and breathing
changes
Such as when a facial expression of
anger or happiness intensifies feelings of
anger or happiness.
Venting aggressive energy through
action or fantasy relieving aggressive
urges
Opening a door for someone may
encourage them to do a good deed for
someone else
Used along with measures of objective
well-being (for example, physical and
economic indicators) to evaluate people's
quality of life.
Forming judgments on sounds, lights or
income
Soldiers feeling frustrated over their own
promotion rates after seeing many others
being promoted; it inflated their
expectations
health psychology
Health psychologists study our emotions
and personality influence our risk of
disease
An example of a stressor could be
college applications
general adaptation
syndrome
the body's adaptive response to stress in three
states - alarm, resistance, exhaustion
coronary heart disease
the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart
muscle; the leading cause of death in many
developed countries
Type A
competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally
aggressive, and anger-prone people
Type B
easygoing, relaxed people
psychophysiological
literally, "mind-body" illness; any stress-related
illness
physical illness,
psychoneuroimmunolo the study of how psychological, neural, and
gy (PNI)
endocrine processes together affect the immune
system and resulting health.
lymphocytes
the two types of white blood cells that are part
of the body's immune system
Psychologist
Walter Cannon
Abraham Maslow
Philip Bard
Paul Ekman
William James
Carl Lange
Stanley Schachter
Hans Selye
Someone suffering from physical or
emotional trauma: Alarm- heart rate
zooms; Resistance-temp., blood pressure
and respiration remaining high;
Exhaustion- more vulnerable to illness
Leading cause of death that can be
developed from smoking, obesity, a
high-fat diet, physical inactivity and an
elevated cholesterol level
Some AP or Honor Roll students
Horizons kids
Such as hypertension and some
headaches
B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes
Importance
Cannon-Bard theory that implied an emotion-arousing stimulus
simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective
experience of emotion
Psychologist who developed the hierarchy of needs.
Along with Walter Cannon, Bard believed that emotions occur separately
from (though simultaneously with) the body’s arousal and therefore created
the Cannon-Bard theory.
Did an experiment where he showed photographs of various facial
expressions to people in different parts of the world and asked them to guess
the emotion. He believed that facial expressions were associated with the
people’s emotions.
Proposed the idea that emotions occur as a result of physiological reaction
to events that later became known as the James-Lange theory.
Suggested the idea that emotions occur as a result of physiological reaction
to events that later became known as the James-Lange theory.
Experimented on college men with injections of adrenaline to find out
whether the spillover effect exists. He also believed that in order to
experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label
the arousal. This theory became known as the two-factor theory.
Psychologist who studied animals’ reactions to stressors.