http://www.ecocyc.org/
E. coli K-12 Pathway: glycolysis I
Enzyme: Hexokinase
Reaction: Phosphorylation
Free Energy Change:
•Standard Conditions: -4.0 kcal/mol
•Physiological Conditions: -8.0 kcal/mol irreversible
Enzyme: Phosphoglucose isomerase
Reaction: Aldose to Ketose Isomerisation
Free Energy Change:
•Standard Conditions: +0.4 kcal/mol
•Physiological Conditions: -0.6 kcal/mol reversible
Enzyme: Phosphofructokinase
Reaction: Phosphorylation
Free Energy Change:
•Standard Conditions: -3.4 kcal/mol
•Physiological Conditions: -5.3 kcal/mol irreversible
Enzyme: Aldolase
Reaction: Aldol Cleavage
Free Energy Change:
•Standard Conditions: +5.7 kcal/mol
•Physiological Conditions: -0.3 kcal/mol reversible
Enzyme: Triose phosphate isomerase
Reaction: Ketose to Aldose Isomerisation
Free Energy Change
•Standard Conditions: +1.8 kcal/mol
•Physiological Conditions: -+0.6 kcal/mol reversible
Enzyme: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Reaction: Coupled Oxidation & Phosphorylation
Free Energy Change
•Standard Conditions: +1.5 kcal/mol
•Physiological Conditions: -0.4 kcal/mol reversible
Enzyme: Phosphoglycerate kinase
Reaction: Dephosphorylation
Free Energy Change:
•Standard Conditions: -4.5 kcal/mol
•Physiological Conditions: +0.3 kcal/mol reversible
Enzyme: Phosphoglyceromutase
Reaction: Phosphate group shift
Free Energy Change:
•Standard Conditions: +1.1 kcal/mol
•Physiological Conditions: +0.2 kcal/mol reversible
Enzyme: Enolase
Reaction: Dehydration
Free Energy Change:
•Standard Conditions: +0.4 kcal/mol
•Physiological Conditions: -0.8 kcal/mol reversible
Enzyme: Pyruvate kinase
Reaction: Dephosphorylation
Free Energy Change:
•Standard Conditions: -7.5 kcal/mol
•Physiological Conditions: -4.0 kcal/mol irreversible
Enzyme: Lactate dehydrogenase
Reaction: Reduction
Free Energy Change:
•Standard Conditions: kcal/mol
•Physiological Conditions: kcal/mol reversible
Enzyme: Citrate synthase
Reaction: Condensation
Acetyl CoA condenses with oxaloacetate
first,to form citryl CoA. Then citryl CoA is
hydrolyzed to citrate and CoA.
Prosthetic group: No
Enzyme: Aconitase
Reaction: Dehydration
Citrate is isomerized to isocitrate by this first dehydration and
yields cis-aconitate as an intermediate.
Prosthetic group: Fe-S
Enzyme: Aconitase
Reaction: Hydration
Hydration of cis-aconitate gives the interchange of H atom and OH
group from the step 2.
Prosthetic group: Fe-S
Enzyme: Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Reaction: Oxidative decarboxylation
Dehydrogenation of isocitrate occurs and yields oxalosuccinate
as an intermediate.Then CO2 leaves to have alphaketoglutarate.This reaction gives NADH.
Prosthetic group: No
Enzyme: alpha-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
Reaction: Oxidative decarboxylation
This mechanism is almost as same as the reaction of
the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA by
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This reaction gives one NADH.
Prosthetic group: Lipoic acid, FAD, TPP
Enzyme: Succinyl CoA synthetase
Reaction: Substrate-level phosphorylation
The thioester bond of succinyl and CoA is an energy rich bond.
Thus only this step gives a high-energy phosphate compound,GTP
from the couple reactions of the thioester bond cleavage and the
phosphorylation of GDP.
Prosthetic group:No
Enzyme: Succinate dehydrogenase
Reaction: Oxidation
The two hydrogens of succinate leave to an acceptor, FAD.
Then this reaction yields fumarate and FADH2.
Prosthetic group: FAD & Fe-S
Enzyme: Fumarase
Reaction: Hydratation
Fumarate is hydrated to give Malate.
Prosthetic group: No
Enzyme: Malate dehydrogenase
Reaction: Oxidation
Malate is dehydrogenated to form oxaloacetate. The hydrogen
acceptor is NAD. So this reaction yields NADH.
Prosthetic group: No