State the roles of bones, ligaments, muscles, tendons and nerves in
Muscles and Movements
State the roles of bones, ligaments, muscles, tendons and nerves in human movement
• Bones – carry the body’s weight and serve as anchors for muscles to work against and cause movement
• Ligaments – attach bone to bone
• Muscles -have elastic properties which allow movement to occur by becoming shorter and thicker; pulling the bones with them
Cont’d
• Tendons – attach muscle to bone
• Nerves – stimulates muscle to contract and create movement
State the roles of bones, ligaments, muscles, tendons and nerves in human movement
• Bones – provide attachment sites for skeletal muscle
• Ligaments – connect bone to bone; restrict movement at joints
• Muscles – provide force needed for skeletal motion
• Tendons – attach muscle to bone
• Nerves – stimulate and coordinated muscles contraction
Skeletal Joints
• Junctions between bones
• Cartilage – reduces friction where bones meet
• Synovial fluid – lubrication; reduces friction
• Joint capsule – seals the joint and holds in the synovial fluid
Elbow Joint
Outline the functions of the human elbow joint
• Articular cartilage – reduces wear and tear, reduces friction
• Synovial fluid – lubricates and shock absorbs
• Joint capsule – seals the joint space and provides stability
• Humerus, radius and ulna – upper arm (origin) and lower arm (insertion)
• Antagonistic muscles – bicep (flexor of R&U), tricep (extensor of R&U)
Compare movements of the hip joint and knee joint
• Hip joint - is a ball and socket joint that can move in multiple directions. (flexion, extension, abduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation)
• Knee joint – flexion and extensionj
Structure of striated muscle fibers
•
Muscle fibers/fibres – multinucleate muscle cells consist of myofibrils, sarcomeres, actin – myosin
Structure of a sarcomere &
Sarcomere contraction
• Draw and label a diagram to show the structure of a sarcomere, including Z lines, actin & myosin filaments (w/heads) and light and dark bands
Striated Muscle Micrograph
Sarcomere TEM
Explain how skeletal muscle contracts
(i.e The Sliding Filament Theory)
Analyze electron micrographs to find the state of contraction of muscle fibers
• Muscle fibers can be, fully relaxed, slightlymoderately or fully contracted
