SYNOVIAL JOINTS
What are they?!
Skeletal System
Skeletal System
Features of a synovial joint include:
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Articular capsule joint capsule; the saclike envelope
enclosing the cavity of a synovial joint.
Articular cartilage reduce friction and absorb shock.
Synovial membrane the inner layer of the capsule
which secretes synovial fluid
Synovial fluid a lubricating liquid
Bursae a small fluid-filled sac situated in places in
tissues where friction would otherwise occur.
Meniscus A disk of cartilage that acts as a cushion
between the ends of bones in a joint.
Skeletal System
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The 6 types of synovial joint are:
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Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot
Gliding
Condyloid (ellisoid)
Saddle
synovial joint types
Hinge Joint
This allows
movement in one
plane only :
UNIAXIAL
Examples:
Knee Joint used
extensively
in sport.
Arm Joint
Pivot
Joint
This allows
rotation only
and is therefore
also uniaxial.
Examples:
Axis and
atlas bones
of cervical
vertebrae
Ellipsoid
Joint
This is biaxial,
allowing
movement in
two planes
Examples:
Radiocarpal
joint of the
wrist
Gliding
Joint
This is when two
flat surfaces glide
over one another
and can permit
movement in most
directions, although
mainly biaxial.
Examples:
Carpel Bones in
the Wrist
Saddle
Joint
This is when a
concave surface
meets a convex
surface and is
biaxial.
Examples:
Carpalmetacarpal
joint of the
thumb.
Ball and
Socket Joint
This allows a wide
range of
movement and
occurs when a
round head of
bone fits into a
cup-shaped
depression.
Examples:
Shoulder joint
What holds our bones at a joint?
• LIGAMENTS!
• These are bands of c……………. t…………. between
bones. They prevent extreme movement and
d………………….
• They are very tough and help join bones together and
keep them stable.
• Some form the s…………… c…………… while others are
outside the capsule.
Why don’t our bones bang together?!
• CARTLIAGE!
• This is soft connective tissue.
• Cartilage has no b………… supply but receives nutrition
through diffusion from the surrounding c………………
network.
• There are three types of cartliage..
• Yellow, hyaline/blue articular and white fibro
Articulating bones
• These are the bones present at a synovial joint that allow
the m………………… to take place.
• An example in the shoulder joint would be…
• Which is what type of joint?
How does a healthy lifestyle
effect a performers joints?
• How does a HAL benefit joints?
• Short and long term benefits
• Movement = secretion of s……………… fluid which
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•
•
•
increases the r…… of movement at a joint
Long term increase in flexibility
Increase bone st............... and c……………. and
phosphate
Thicker h…………….. cartilage
Greater stretch potential of ligaments
PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
• Think of a practical example for each of the Synovial
Joints.
• Hinge
• Pivot
• Ellipsoid
• Gliding
• Saddle
• Ball + Socket
Sprinting
Turning head in Hockey
Forehand clear in Badminton
Dribbling the ball in Hockey
Gripping tennis racket with thumb
Athlete throwing a Javelin
Table teasers..
• In your tables, come up with a multiple choice question
about something that you have learnt today or during the
past couple of lessons.
• You will then choose a table to question and see if they
can get the correct answer.