1. Plane
2. Hinge
3. Pivot
4. Condyloid
5. Saddle
6. Ball and Socket
Synarthrosis
(immovable)
Amphiarthrosis
(slightly movable)
Diarthrosis
(freely movable)
Fibrous
Function
Structure
fibrous tissue ligament
Syndemosis
(amphiarthrotic) immovable to slightly variable
tibia and fibula, and the radius and ulna
JOINTS
Movements
Flexion — decreases the angle of the joint
Extension — joint angle is increased
Dorsiflexion foot up
plantar flexion — foot down
Abduction — away from the midline
Adduction — mtoward the midline
Circumduction — cone in space
Supination and pronation
Inversion and eversion
Protraction and retraction
Elevation and depression
Opposition
Suture
(synarthrotic)
Between bones of the skull
Interlocking junctions filled with CT
Tight but allow growth
In middle age, skull fuses to synostoses
Gomphosis
(synarthrotic)
The peg-in-socket fibrous joint
between a tooth and its alveolar socket
Cartilagenous
Synchrondosis hyaline cartilage unites the bones
(synarthrotic) Epiphyseal plates of children
costal cartilage
Synovial
(all are diarthrotic)
covers the articulating surface of bone
Syphosis
strength and flexibility
(amphiarthrotic)
intervertebral joints/pubic symphysis
articulating bones are separated
by a fluid-containing joint cavity
Synovial joints all have the following
Articular cartilage
Joint (synovial) cavity
Articular capsule
Synovial fluid
Reinforcing ligaments
Bursae and tendon sheath
Homeostatic Imbalances
Arthritis
Sprains
Cartilage Injuries Osteoarthritis (OA)
Dislocations
Gouty Arthritis
Bursitis
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
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