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Chapter 8:
Photosynthesis
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Adam
Biology 211
Emeka Kemdirim
Photosynthesis
Converts light energy to chemical
I.
Process of chemical reactions that require what tow compounds? CO2 and water
II.
CO2 is used and _____ is the bye product. (02)
III.
Two stages of photosynthesis
1.
Light Stage
a.
Light energy is captured by chlorophyll
and converted to chemical energy in the form
of ATP and NADPH. Takes place in thylakoid
membrane
2.
Calvin Cycle
a.
ATP and NADPH are used to drive the synthesis of carbohydrates. Takes place in stroma.
IV.
Chloroplast
a.
Mesophyll tissue contains cells with chloroplasts.
b.
How many membranes does chloroplasts have? Outer and inner with intermmembrane
space
c.
What is the thylakoid membrane? Third membrane which contains chlorophyll
d.
The thylakoid membrane forms many flattened fluid filled tubules called? Thylakoids
e.
__________ stack on each other forming _______. Thylakoids, granum
f.
_________ is the fluid filled region between thylakoid membrane and inner membrane of
chloroplast. Stroma
g.
Where does CO2 enter the leave and O2 leaves? Stomata
Photosystems
Supplemental Instruction
1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center  294-6624  www.si.iastate.edu
Photosynthetic organisms absorb light energy and capture it in a stable way
I.
Thylakoid membrane contains two complexes of protein and pigments molecules called
what? Photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII)
II.
Light excited pigment molecules in PSII
a.
b.
c.
Exited electons travel to _____. PSI
Water is _______ and generates _____ and ____. Oxidized, O2, and H+
Energy is released in electron transport chaing and the energy is used to make what? H+
electrochemical gradient
PSI primary role is what? To make NADPH
Oxygen is produced in thylakoid lumen by oxidation of water by PSII and two electrons
are transferred to ________. P680*
ATP is produced where by the H+ electrochemical gradient. Stroma
What is the most abundant protein on the earth? What does this protein do? Rubisco,
catalyzes CO2 fixation to sugar
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
I.
II.
I.
II.
Cyclic and non Cyclic Phosphorylation
Non cyclic
a. Electrons flow in linear process from _____ to ______. PSII, NADPH
b. Produces ____ and _____ in equal amounts. ATP and NADPH
c. Plants use cyclic _________. Phosphorylation
Cyclic
a. Light strikes PSI, high energy electrons are passed through a series of electron
acceptors and back to ______. PSI
b. H+ electrochemical gradient is produced and used to make ____ via what? ATP
by ATP synthase
Variation of Photosynthesis
C4 plants
a. Two cellular oganiation in interior of leaf comprised of _______ cells and ______
_____. Mesopyhyll, bundle of sheath
b. ______ is released for Calvin cycle CO2.
c. Outperform C3 plants in _____ and _____ environments. Hot and dry
CAM plants
a. Open their ________ at night and close them during the day. Stomates (prevents
water loss)
b. Uses stored CO2 for photosynthesis via ____ ______. Calvin Cycle.
c. Separate CO2 fixation and calvin cycle in time.