Photosynthesis
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
Draw…
• Page 673-plant and label parts
• Page 732-flower and label
parts
• Find functions of all parts. Use your entire
textbook if needed! (INDEX)
Click on picture
Leaf Cross Section (Pg 170/688)
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Cuticle
Upper and lower epidermis
Palisade and spongy mesophyll
Vein
Xylem/Phloem
Stomata
Guard cells
Autotrophs or Heterotrophs
Hmm??
Frequency versus Wavelength
Click for colorblind test
Click image for my red, your red
What Pigments Are Shown In Each??
Ok soooo how are we feeling…
…before we get into the hard stuff??
Plant and Leaf
• What is the difference between a gymnosperm and an angiosperm?
• What are the differences between a monocot and a dicot? Are they
(monocots and dicots) gymnosperms or angiosperms?
• What are the two systems of a plant? How do they communicate
with each other?
• What is the evolutionary relationship between terminal buds and
auxillary buds?
• What are the four whorls of a flower? What are their functions?
• What is the relationship between a sporophyte and a
gametophyte?
• What is the cycle of growth for an annual? Perennial? Biennial?
• How does carbon dioxide get into the plant?
• How does a plant avoid losing its needed water?
Light and Pigments
Chloroplasts
Here We Go!!!!!!!!
Light Dependent Reactions
Non Cyclic Video
Light Dependent Reactions
Light Dependent Reactions
Light Dependent Reactions
• Goal of light energy is to create ATP and
NADPH to power the light independent
reaction. The key to forming is the flow of
energy through the PS. There are 2 routes,
the cyclic and the noncyclic. The noncyclic is
the predominant.
Non Cyclic Flow
Non Cyclic Flow
Non Cyclic Flow
Finally…end of Non Cyclic
Light Dependent Reaction
Outside Thylakoid
A
A
Thylakoid
Membrane
NADP+
ADP
Photosystem ___
Electron Transport Chain
Photosystem ___
+
Inside the Thylakoid
Stroma for
Calvin Cycle
Cyclic
Cyclic
And now…Light Independent
• Uses ATP and NADPH (produced in LDR)
• Regenerates its starting material after
molecules enter and leave the cycle
• What enters??
• Carbon Dioxide
• What leaves??
• Sugar (G3P-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)
Who is involved??
• For one molecule of G3P to be made, it takes
3 times around the cycle (in other words, it
needs 3 CO2 molecules)
• Calvin cycle has 3 parts: Carbon fixation,
reduction, regeneration of CO2
Calvin Cycle
• Carbon Fixation
• CO2 attaches to a 5-C sugar (RuBP-ribulose
bisphosphate) using the enzyme rubisco
making a 6-C that immediately turns into 2 3-C
phosphoglcerates.
• *Since the cycle is done for 3 CO2s, it is
actually 3 5-C + 3 CO2
6 3-C
Calvin Cycle
• Reduction
• 2. 3-phosphoglycerate gets a phosphate group
from ATP forming
1,3bisphosphoglycerate
• 3. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is reduced to G3P
(glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) through
reducing NADPH to NADP+ (G3P has more
energy than 1,3bis)
Calvin Cycle
• 4. 1-G3P exits for every 3 CO2s that enter
because 5-G3Ps have to continue for the cycle to
be able to repeat.
• Regeneration
• 5. 5-G3Ps are rearranged into 3 5-C RuBP. This
arrangement takes 3 ATPs to ADPs. Then RuBP
can join with more CO2 and start over again.
• *1 G3P (becomes glucose)= 9 ATP and 6 NADPH
C4 Plants
CAM Plants