CHAPTER 7 TEST REVIEW
1. Light
• Colors that chlorophyll a absorbs:
• Red and Blue-violet
• Colors that chlorophyll a reflects:
• Green and blue
• (Chlor b reflects green yellow)
2. Photosynthesis Equation
REDOX
oxidation
reduction
3. LABEL
a = granum
b = inner membrane to thylakoid disk
c = thylakoid disk
d = stroma
Stromal lamella
DNA
ribosomes
4. Label
5.
a. Porphyrin ring - captures
light energy as a
photoreceptor
b. Single and double bond resonate the energy to
localize electrons
c. Mg center – metals have
strong attraction to
electrons
6.
• TWO POSSIBILITIES OF
ENERGY FROM THE PHOTONS
OF LIGHT HITTING
CHLOROPHYLL:
a. energized e- raised to a higher level falls back
to its ground state and emits energy (as a color,
heat)
b. energized e- is passed to an electron acceptor
• excited e- fate animation
7.
A-cuticle
B-epidermis
J(dot)
C-stomata
D-Palisade layer
E-bundle sheath layer
F-spongy layer
K
G-xylem tubes (thicker)
H-phloem tubes (smaller)
I-air space
I
J-chloroplast
K-mesophyll
8. WATER
• How does water enter/exit a
leaf?
• Through the stoma in the underside of the leaf
and/ or via the water in the xylem
• Where is water found when it is split in the LDR?
• Thylakoid interior
• (LUMEN)
9.
10.
Also FdNR
11.
• Photolysis – break-down of water by using
light
12.
• What two high-energy molecules are made in
LDR to run LIR?
• ATP and NADPH
• Where are these molecules found after
formed?
• Stroma
13. CYCLIC PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATON
If NADPH is full
the e- go back to Ctyb6
to Pc
to PSI.
13.
When NADPH is not full
linear
Happens when NADPH is
full
14.
• Where does oxygen come from that we
breathe?
• Splitting of water
15.
• What is the source of carbon for glucose?
• Carbon dioxide
16. Where made?
• G3P - S
• CO2 added
To RuBP with rubisco
Enzyme
NADPH – S
e- passed
from FdNR to NADP+
16. Where made?
• ATP – S
• WHEN H+ ions pass through the ATP synthase
• Oxygen – L
• splitting of
water when light hits PSII
16. Where Made?
• RuBisCO- S
• In Calvin cycle, it
is reused
e- excited by photons-TM
PSI and PSII
16. Where made?
• RuBP- S
• In Calvin cycle
• NADP+ - oxidized -S
As e-/H+ lost to 3PGA
17. What color is reflected?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Xanthophyll
Yellow
Carotenoid
Orange
Chlorophyll a
Blue-green
Chlorophyll b
Yellow-green
18.
•
•
•
•
What are 3 products of the Calvin Cycle?
G3P
NADP+
ADP
19.
•
•
•
•
Name 3 products of the LDR:
ATP
NADPH
O2
20. Label the Photosystem
700 in PSI
680 In PSII
21. Label the linear
photophosphorylation (LDR)
Linear Photophosphorylation
LDR (light dependent reaction)
STROMA
Thyla
koid
mem
brane
PS II
P680
PSI
eCytb6
Pq
ePc
Out stomata
Fd
ATP
Synthase
FdNR
P700
LUMEN
(thylakoid
interior)
22.
• In carbon fixation of the Calvin Cycle, what
enzyme combines CO2 with a 5-C molecule?
• ENZYME = RUBISCO
• 5-C MOLECULE = RUBP
23.
• The molecule (6-C from one CO2 + RUBP )
splits into two 3-carbon molecules :
• 3PGA
• Where found?
• Stroma of
chloroplast
24.
• What is G3P used for after it leaves the Calvin
cycle?
• Form glucose (two G3P = 1 glucose)
• And other macromolecules (like glucose +
fructose = sucrose; glucose chain for starch)
25.
• What molecule is regenerated in the Calvin
cycle?(actually 2 are)
• Enzyme RuBisCO and RUBP (5-C molecule)
26.
• What do excited e- cause to happen as they
pass through Cytochrome b6?
• Pull H+ ions through the thylakoid membrane
from stroma to thylakoid interior (by epassing from hi to low energy thru Cytb6)
H+
27.
• In the Calvin cycle what two molecules join
with the enzyme rubisco?
• Carbon dioxide and RuBP
28.
• How many CO2 molecules are needed to
produce one glucose molecule?
• 6
29.
• What is the strongest biological oxidizing
(removing e-) agent known?
• P680
30.
• What makes guard cells open and close?
• When the guard cells are turgid (full of water)
they open. When they are flaccid/
plasmolyzed (low on water) they close.
31. How many molecules needed in
the Calvin cycle to make one glucose
molecule?
•
•
•
•
•
•
ATP
18
CO2
6
NADPH
12
32.
• How many are made per one molecule of
glucose in the Calvin Cycle?
• G3P
• 2
• ADP + P
• 18
• NADP+
• 12
33.
• What is formed at the end of each phase of
the Calvin cycle?
FIXATION
3PGA
REDUCTION
G3P
REGENERATION
RuBP
34.
• What 3 things does water split into when a
photon of light hits PSII?
• ½ O2
• 2H
• e-
35.
• Which greenhouse gas has the most
important effect on global warming?
• Carbon dioxide
36.
• The banning of CFC’s was done because
of what problem?
• Thinning of the ozone
37.
• Why do the colors separate in the
chromatography of spinach leaves?
• substances in a mixture have different degrees of
solubility.
• Different densities of pigments (heavier ones stay
closer to origin; lighter ones more farther up the
paper)
• Solvents and pigments have different attraction
(bonding) to each other and to the paper
38. DEFINE
• Photoautotroph
• An organism that uses light to make its own
food from inorganic substances
• Producers
• Organisms that make their own food from
inorganic substances (ie., plants)
38. DEFINE
• Carbon Fixation
• Organisms that take inorganic substances (like
carbon dioxide) and turn it into organic
substances (like 3PGA)
• Photon
• Unit of light of varying wavelengths
38. DEFINE
• Photophosphorylation
• Using sunlight to form ATP from ADP
• Photoprotection
• Pigments (usually carotenoids) that
protect the leaf from too many harmful
UV rays
38. DEFINE
• Fluorescence
• the property of absorbing light of short
wavelength and emitting light of longer
wavelength.
EXTENDED RESPONSE
• 1. What makes chlorophyll so unique (3
things) of its structure and function. Draw.
Where in chloroplast and use phorphyrin.
• 1. porphyrin – ringed structure acts like a mitt
to catch photons and pass them to an electron
acceptor instead of losing them.
• Mg center to act as a strong e- acceptor
• Alternating double and single bonds resonate
the e- back and forth to capture them.
• Found in the inner membrane of the
thylakoid disk. (PSII or PSI)
EXTENDED RESPONSE
• 2. Compare and contrast PSII and PSI.
• ALIKE: both capture photons and pass high
energy electrons to electron carriers.
• Both contain chlorophyll molecules.
• DIFFERENT: PSII contains Chlor a of 680 nm
and PSI contains Chlor b of 700 nm.
• 2. PSII receives e- replacement from split
water when photons hit it and sends e- to Pq
• PSI receives low energy e- from Pc and then to
FdNR when excited
• PSII is found first and PSI is found later in the
thylakoid membrane of linear
photophosphorylation
EXTENDED RESPONSE
• 3. Compare chemiosmosis and ETC in
mitochondrion and chloroplasts.
Mitochondrion
• a. e- come from NADH
• b. e- get high potential energy
from NADH (full electron
carrier)
• c. e- get picked up at the end
of the chain by the final eacceptor: OXYGEN
d. Electrons passed from NADH
and FADH2 down ETC, and H+
ions cross inner membrane of
the mitochondrion to make ATP
as the ATP Synthase turns
Chloroplasts
• e- come from split water
-Get high energy from photons
from light
-e- get picked up by FdNR and
then passed to NADPH
-Electrons passed down ETC and
cause H+ ions to cross into the
thylakoid interior and form ATP at
the ATP Synthase
EXTENDED RESPONSE
• 4. How has the atmosphere changed?
• The overuse of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel
emissions has cause an increase in the
temperature of the earth’s atmosphere (global
warming).
• The overuse of products that contained CFC’s
caused a depletion of the ozone (O3 protective
layer), especially over the Antarctic. The use of
refrigerants, styrofoam, aerosal sprays and
solvents.
• The Montreal Treaty was placed into use 1989
to ban the use of substances that contained
CFC’s. This is been reducing the hole in the
ozone.
• Reducing the burning of fossil fuels such as
automobiles, factories, and aircraft can reduce
the global warming AND BAN CFC’s to increase
ozone layer.