OVERVIEW
- How many muscles are in the human body?
- There are 640 muscles in the human body.
- What is a muscle?
- A tissue that is made of cells or fibers that contracts and expands.
http://www.innerbody.com/image_musc10/musc36.html
TYPES OF MUSCLES
• - There are 3 types of muscles.
• - Smooth Muscles:
• - Makes up your internal organs (stomach & Intestines)
• - Cardiac Muscles:
• - Muscles found in the heart.
• - Skeletal Muscles:
• - Muscle that is attached to the bone by tendons.
•
SMOOTH MUSCLES
Smooth Muscle Makes up many of you body internal organs such as:
Walls of the stomach, Intestines, Walls of blood vessels, Iris of the eye, Veins, Bladder,
Small arteries, Gastrointestinal tract, Respiratory tract, and more…
CARDIAC MUSCLE
• - Tissue that makes up a layer of the heart and works to control the pumping.
Cardiac muscle cells
SKELETAL MUSCLE
Upper Body Skeletal Muscles (Front):
- Deltoid – (3 parts), Front, side, & rear of
shoulder.
- Pectorals – Cover the front/ top of the rib
cage.
- Bicep – (2 parts) working together as a
single muscle on the front of the upper arm.
- Abdominals –provide postural support &
protect internal organs.
SKELETAL MUSCLE
•
Upper Body Skeletal Muscles (Back):
•
- Trapezius – Triangular muscles that lay
over the back of the neck and shoulders.
•
- Rhomboids – Found on the upper torso of
the back.
•
- Triceps – Muscle on the back of the arm
that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.
•
- Latissimus – Thin triangular muscles under
arm pits along side of back.
SKELETAL MUSCLE
•
Lower Body Skeletal Muscles:
•
- Gluteals – Connected to the tails bone. One of the strongest
muscles in the human body.
•
- Hamstring – (3 muscles) Found on the back of the upper leg.
•
- Calf (Gastrocnemius)– Runs from the Achilles tending
attaching through two heads at the femur.
•
- Quadriceps – A large 4 headed muscle on the front of the
thigh.
MUSCLES MAKE US MOVE
-
Muscles work together:
-
- Movement of a body part is the result of muscles pulling on the bones that
form a joint.
-
- Muscles have two states: They can either contract or Lengthen
Contraction causes Flexion.
- When the muscle contracts the ends are pulled toward the center (it
gets shorter).
- This can only result in pulling a bone; not pushing.
http://www.kingofthegym.com/leg-anatomy/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10T2QdiIclI
FLEXION AND EXTENSION
• Flexion and extension refer to increasing and decreasing the angle between
two body parts.
• - Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two
body parts. Flexion at the elbow is decreasing the angle between the
ulna and the humerus.
• - Extension refers to a movement that increases the angle between two
body parts. Extension at the elbow is increases the angle between the
ulna and the humerus.
FLEXION AND EXTENSION
•
- Flexion - A physical position that decreases the angle between the bones of the limb at
a joint. It occurs when muscles contract and bones move the joint into a bent position.
•
- Extension - movement of a joint that increases the angle
•
between two bones or body surfaces at a joint. Extension
•
usually results in straightening of the bones or body surfaces
•
involved.
REVIEW
FLEXION
AND
EXTENSION
IN CLASS ASSIGNMENT: APPLY
MUSCLE MOVEMENTS
•
- In your notebook write about a sport movement you have preformed. Write out
a list of the steps involved with the movement and break down all the flexion and
extension that is going on in the order it is happening (as you see it).
•
- What muscles are important to be strong for this motion. How do they help you
preform this motion.
•
- Print out a copy of this for the teacher and bring with you to the following class.
•
- Include at top of page: Name, Grade, Period, & Day 1 or 2.
WHAT MUSCLE ? (GROUP TRIVIA)
- Powerful extensors of the knee joint. They are crucial in walking, running,
jumping and squatting
- Quadriceps
- Helps control the motion of two different joints, the shoulder and the
elbow.
- Bicep
- Moves the scapulae and support the arm.
- Trapezius
- Extensor muscle of the elbow joint and also fixate the elbow joint when
the forearm and hand are used for fine movements, e.g., when writing.
- Triceps
WHAT MUSCLE?
- Extend the hip when the trunk is fixed; they also flex the knee and medially
(inwardly) rotate the lower leg when the knee is bent.
- Hamstring
- Flexes and extends the foot, ankle, and knee. Important when standing and
walking.
- Calf (Gastrocnemius)
- Help to control the movement of the arms while also assisting in deep breathing.
- Pectoral Muscle
- Moves and stabilizes the shoulder joint
- Deltoid
- Responsible for movement of the hip, thigh, and leg.
- Gluteal
IDENTIFY THE MUSCLES QUIZ
PROJECT 3 – KINESIOLOGY BREAKDOWN
•
- Choose one of the videos on my website (or make/ pick one of your own and have it approved).
You will then break down the action of two muscles (one upper/ one lower) and their role as you go
through the movement.
• Include the following:
• - Name, Grade, Class (Period/ Day1 or 2)
• - A typed explanation of…
• - What is the movement.
• - A step by step list of all the muscles involved and how they are involved.
• - A breakdown of what is going on in your two muscles.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Ligaments
• - Tissue that connects two bones. Helps control and maintain the movement of our
joints.
• http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-ligaments-definition-types-quiz.html
Tendons
- Connects muscle to bone.
- Tendons help to hold our bodies together and deliver the strength we work so
hard to improve. Big strong muscles and weak tendons are like cereal with no milk !
LIGAMENTS OF THE KNEE
• - What it s Ligament?
• - Connects bone to bone.
LIGAMENTS OF THE KNEE
•
- Why is the knee and thigh area so susceptible to injury?
• - Because of the size, impotence, and amount of use we get out of the muscles
around the knee.
• - Everything is coming together in one place around our largest muscles and bones
making it the site for many injuries.
COMMON PROBLEMS
- Muscle Cramp – Sudden and unusual painful contraction of the muscle,
usually happening at night or after the exercise. (Dehydration)
- Strain – Overstretching and possible tearing of the muscle due to overuse or
misuse.
- Tendinitis – Inflammation of a muscle cause by aging or excessive oversize.
- Shin Splints – pain in the shin caused by damage or irritation to the muscles
on the front of the lower leg.
COMMON PROBLEMS
• - Quadriceps Strain – Caused by overuse or putting a heavy load on the muscle without
a proper warm up. Ex: Springing without warming up.
• - Hamstring Pull – Happens when your muscles are stretched too far. Can range from
Grade 1 (a minor muscle pull) to grade 3 (a tear, more serious and taking much more time
to recover).
• - Tennis Elbow - Condition brought on by the overuse of arm, forearm and hand muscles.
It refers to an injury of the muscle and tendon area around the outside of the elbow.
COMMON PROBLEMS: ACL
• - ACL Strain or Tear – Usually happens when a person or athlete is trying to
decelerate, like stopping on the dime or cut in another direction, but can also
be caused by hyper extension or pivoting in place.
• - If your muscles are not prepared for the sport you are participating in the
higher at risk you are for any of these injuries to happen. The stronger you
are, the less likely you are.
SPRAINS
•
First degree (mildest) –
•
•
Little tearing, pain or swelling; joint stability is good.
Second degree –
• Broadest range of damage, with moderate instability and moderate to severe pain
and swelling.
•
Third degree (most severe) –
• Ligament is completely ruptured; joint is unstable; severe pain and swelling; other
tissues are often damaged.
STRAIN VS. SPRAIN
•
Strain is the stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon.
Tendon – Attaches muscle to bone
•
Sprain is the stretching or tearing of a ligament.
Ligament – Connects tow bones or cartilages, or holds together a joint.
•
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sprains-and-strains/basics/definition/con20020958
PROJECT 2 - CREATE A STUDY GAME
-Using the information covered in the in our Muscular System/ Injury unit create a interactive
game to be played by the class.
-
- On the top of the first slide or page of instructions include:
- Name, grade, & class (Period/ Day 1 or 2)
- You must use animation and sound effect. The format of the game is up to you.
- You may come up with your own game or use a template from the following web link.
•
http://powerpointgames.wikispaces.com/PowerPoint+Game+Templates
- Google: PowerPoint Game Templates
INJURY PREVENTION
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYZ2vcmJUTU
• 4 Steps to a good Warm up.
• - General Warm-up – Should consist of light physical activity. Elevating heart and
respirator rate and increasing blood flow.
• - Static Stretching – Now that the muscles are warm it is safe to stretch the major
groups increasing our bodies flexibility.
• - Sport Specific Warm-up – Sport specific warm- up. Can involve more vagarious activity
but should focus on the essential demands of the athletes sport.
• - Dynamic Stretching – Can cause injury is used incorrectly. Here there should be a soft
balance or swinging motion of the muscles.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE, INJURY, & INJURY
PREVENTION
CONNECTIVE TISSUE, INJURY, &
INJURY PREVENTION QUIZ