Science is ultimately based on observation.
 Observations lead to questions, which lead
to experiments, which lead to answers,
which lead to more observations and more
questions.


It’s a never ending process.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The steps of the Scientific Method are as
follows:
Observe: Look for a problem, pose a question.
Hypothesis: An educated guess, based on
research and observations.
Experiment: Test your hypothesis by performing
controlled experiments/ further observations.
Analysis: Interpret the data and then represent
it in a graph
Conclusion: Share your findings (write a
conclusion).




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The language of science is used by scientists instead of
common words. There are several prefixes and suffixes used in
the language of science.
Sometimes, the order of the suffixes and prefixes may not
seem right, but don’t worry about it; as long as the general
idea is still discernable.
Even though you may not always find every single part of a
word in the prefixes and suffixes, the parts that you can find
should give you a good idea on the meaning of the word.
There might be a extra letters in between suffixes (like o, i,
and a)
Sometimes, parts of words can be both suffixes and prefixes,
so make sure you know both lists.
PREFIX
aabadipoalbamphi-/ampandrangioanteanthropoantiaquaarborarthroasteraudiautobibiobronchcardcarncellcephalochlorchromchroncoelcom-/con-/cocontracrancytdedecadermdendidiadis-/dif-
MEANING
without, lacking
away from
fat
white
of both kinds
male
vessel (blood)
before
humans
against
water
tree
jointed
star
hear, sound
self
two, twice
life, living
windpipe (lungs)
heart
meat
storeroom
head
green
color
time
hollow
with, together
against
head
cell
from, away
ten
skin
tooth
two, double
through, across
apart from,
deprive
PREFIX
e-/ef-/exechinectenencephalepiextragastrogenegeoglottisgymnohepatoheterohiberhomohydrohyperhypointerintraichtyimmunisleuclithlunamacrometamicromonomultimorphneononneur-
MEANING
out, out of, from
spiny
outside
in
brain
on, above
outside, beyond
stomach
origin, birth
earth
mouth of
windpipe
uncovered
liver
different
winter
same, alike
water
over, above
below, under,
less
between
within, during,
inside
fish
free
white
stone
moon
large
change
small
single
many
form
new
not
nerve
PREFIX
oculoodontolfomniopthaloss-/ostphagphotoplasmpneumopreprot-/protopseudoretrorotaruptsubsuper-/surtelethermtranstritropventrunizo-
MEANING
eye
tooth
smell
all
eye
bone
eat
light
form
lungs
before
first
fake, false
backward,
back
turn, wheel
break, burst
under,
beneath
above, upon
at a distance
temperature
across, beyond
three
turning
belly
one
animal
SUFFIX
-able/ -ible
-algia
-ectomy
-graph
-ism
-itis
-meter
-ology/ -logy
-phyll
-pod/ -ped
-scope
-sect
-sperm
MEANING
able to,
capable of
pain
cut out
instrument for
making records
act of,
condition
inflammation
(swelling) or
disease
measure
study of,
science of
leaf
foot, feet
look, observe
cut
seed
Arthropod: jointed foot
Echinoderm: spiny skin
Biology: study of life



Writing clear cut, easy-to-understand instructions
are crucial in procedure writing.
Including pictures in procedures are useful to help
people gauge what they should be doing.
Fanciful and fluffy writing is not always helpful.
Being straight to the point, concise, and simple is
the key to successful procedure writing.
 Vocabulary:
› Science: An organized use of evidence
› Observation: gathering information
› Hypothesis: A testable statement that can be
shown to be true or false by experimentation/
observation.
› Experimental Group: Receives some kind of
treatment or condition (independent variable).
› Independent Variable: The treatment or factor
that is changed.
› Dependent Variable: The variable that is being
observed and affected by the independent
variable.
› Control Group: Receives no treatment, and is
used to compare results with the experimental
group.
› Data: The results of an experiment. It can
be displayed in a graph.
› Qualitative: Describes data in qualities
› Quantitative: Describing data in numbers
› Theory: A well-tested hypothesis that
unifies a broad range of observations.

Characteristics of Living Things:

Living things are based on a universal genetic code
› All living organisms store the complex information they
need to live, grow, and reproduce in a genetic code
written in a molecule called DNA.
Living thing are made up of cells
› A cell is the smallest unit of a living organism that can be
considered alive, so many living cells make up a living
organism.



Living things maintain a stable internal environment
› Although conditions outside a living organism may
change, living things need to employ homeostasis,
keeping their bodies as constant as possible.
Taken as a group, living things change over time (evolve)
› The basic traits living things inherit from their parents usually
do not change. However, over long lengths of time,
groups of living things typically evolve.


Living things grow and develop
› Every organism has a particular pattern of growth and
development. During development, fertilized eggs divide;
these dividing cells undergo differentiation
Living things respond to their environment
› Organisms detect and respond o changes/ stimuli from
their environment


Living things reproduce
› All organisms reproduce. Usually, most living things
participate in sexual reproduction, but other organisms
may reproduce asexually.
Living things obtain material and energy
› All organisms must take in materials and energy in order to
grow, develop, and reproduce. Metabolism is the
combination of chemical reactions through which an
organism builds up or breaks down materials.

Compound Microscope:
› The objective lenses range from 4x (red), 10x
(yellow), 40x (blue), and 100x (black).
› The coarse adjustment knob moves the stage up
and down for large adjustments in focus
› The fine adjustment knob moves the stage
slightly for small adjustments in focus.
› For cleanup, the lowest objective lenses must be
“set” towards the stage, the stage must be
rolled all the way to the top, and the headpiece
must be turned away. Carry the microscope by
the arm.

Metric System
› KHD∙DCM
› Kilo-, Hecto-, deca-, unit, deci-, centi-, milli-

What does arthropod mean?
A. jointed foot
 B. study of feet
 C. study of humans
 D. fake foot

What are the 5 steps of the scientific
method?
 A. observation, hypothesis, experiment,
data, conclusion
 B. procedure, hypothesis, experiment,
data, conclusion
 C. Hypothesis, experiment, data,
conclusion, define variables
 D. Define variables, procedure,
hypothesis, data, conclusion


What are two prefixes that mean above
or on?
A. epi-, hypo B. hyper-, inter C. hypo-, hyper D. super-/sur, epi
Define the experimental variable
 A. an outline of what is being
experimented
 B. focus of the experiment
 C. the variable being altered, whether it
be by treatment or factor
 D. the variable not being altered in the
experiment

Define hypothesis
 A. the purpose/reason the experiment is
being performed
 B. a testable statement that can be
proven as true or false
 C. the procedure of the experiment
 D. the variable not being altered in an
experiment

Identify the control variable
 a. Type of food give to hippo
 b. Amount of food
 c. Both a and b
 d. None of the above




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Choose the correct definition and example that
match the word.
a. Qualitative data-expressed as numbers obtained
by counting or measuring-the scar appears old
b. Qualitative data- descriptive and involve
characteristics that can’t usually be counted-4 cm
scar on the cat’s back
c. Quantitative data-expressed as numbers obtained
by counting or measuring-4cm scar on the cat’s
back
d. Quantitative data- descriptive and involve
characteristics that can’t usually be counted-the scar
appears old





What are the 5 steps to a conclusion
paragraph in lab reports?
a. hypothesis and data table
b. controlled variable, independent variable,
and dependent variable
c. purpose, major findings stated, revisit
hypothesis, suggest improvements to lab
procedure, and figure out the controlled
variable
d. purpose restated, major findings
stated,revisit hypothesis, suggest improvements
to lab procedure, and suggest extension to lab
How many meters in 15 kilometers?
 a.1500
 b.1.5
 c. 0.5
 d. 15,000

What are the 4 magnification levels of
the objective lenses?
 a. x10,x100,x500, x1000
 b. x4,x10,x40, x100
 c. x10,x50,x100, x1000
 d. x4,x100,x200, x500

A
 A
 D
 C
 B
 A
 C
 D
 D
 B
