Unit 3
Knowing Yourself
Teaching Steps
Step I
Step II
Pre-reading Activities
Skimming and Scanning
Step III Reading in Depth
Step IV Question-answering and
Discussion
Lean-in I Brainstorming
Take the challenge!
See how many words
related to“personality
traits” you can write down.
1.积极的 2.有雄心的 3.愉悦的 4.心胸宽广的
5.体贴的 6.热忱的
7.幽默的
8.有责任心的
9.爱社交的 10.乐观的
11.外向的
12.有恒心的
13.忠诚的 14.有条理的 15.自律的 16.随和的
17.可靠的
18.谨慎的
19.自立的 20. 勤勉的
21.冷静的
22.宽大的
23.守时的
24.有能力的
25.会取悦于人的 26.顺从的 27.悲观的 28.保守的
29.坦率的 30.喜怒无常的 31.苛求的 32.专横的
33.优柔寡断的
34.占有欲强的
35.感觉迟钝的
36.争强好胜的 37.内向的 38.害羞的 39.娇惯的
40.固执的
41.自我的
42. 暴躁的
43.消极的
44.贪婪的 45.易冲动的 46.戒心重的 47.傲慢的
48.吹毛求疵的
49.急躁的
50.缺乏条理的
lead-in II Knowing Yourself
Directions:
Form groups of threes or fours
(Roommates and close friends are
better). Make use of the following
Johari Window Model and find out
about yourself through self-reflection
and through feedback from your
group members.
Johari Window Model
open/free
hidden
Listening Comprehension
obsession (固定的想法, 成见)
distinctive (独特的)
corresponding (相应的)
catch on
mental instability
superficial (浅薄的)
moody
straightforward
stubborn
impulsive
indecisive
picky
demanding
conservative
Listening Comprehension
Directions: Listen to the passage followed by
three questions. Then choose the best
answer to each question.
1. A. 50
B. 100
2. A. AB
B. O
3. A. bullheaded
C. impulsive
C. 10
C. A
D. 70
D. B
B. loyal
D. impatient
Listening Comprehension
East Asia’s obsession with blood types comes from the
work of Furukawa Takeji, a Japanese doctor who nearly a
century ago was sure that one’s personality was caused by
his/her blood type. According to his theory, each blood
type had a distinctive, corresponding personality type:
Type A people are conservative and passive, and are
concerned with appearances. Although type A people are
superficial and have a touch of mental instability, they are
very patient and finish what they start.
Type B people get along well with others because they
are straightforward, and are noted for their creativity. But
type B people are also moody and become bored and
annoyed easily.
Listening Comprehension
Type O people are stubborn and impulsive. Their
redeeming quality is that they are loyal to their
friends.
Type AB people are indecisive and picky. They
tend to be demanding and impatient, and they have
trouble seeing things through.
Despite any real evidence to support these ideas,
Takeji’s theory quickly caught on. By 1930, standard
job application forms included a blank for blood type,
and today market researchers use it to predict buying
habits, and ordinary people use it to choose friends
and romantic partners.
Fast Reading Activity
Personality Development
1. Prediction: If given the title, what points would you
cover in this essay?
2. Skimming: Which of the following ideas about
personality does the author develop in the essay?
A. Best stage to develop personality.
B. How to develop personality?
C. What is personality?
D. What influences personality development?
Global Reading
Definition
emotional
heredity
Personality
<
<
social
Development
intellectual
Influences
Environment
Reading in Depth
Reading Between the Lines
1. One can hardly change his/her personality after it is
formed.
2. A person’s look and personality make him/ her unique.
3. Because we experience the same basic emotions, we
express them in almost the same way.
4. You begin to know something about a person’s emotional
traits of personality when you observe how he/she relates
to others.
5. We will not know the true personality of a person just by
looking at the way he/ she behaves.
Reading Between the Lines
6. As to the question which one affects one’s personality
more greatly, heredity or environment, some people clearly
know the answer.
7. There is a greater possibility that children who grow up
in broken families develop less desirable personalities.
8. Only a small number of people would like to change
some of their personality traits.
9. It may be easier for you to change your personality after
you graduate from university because at that time you are
changing while you are working.
10. Building personality traits is comparable to building
any other skills that one wants to learn or cultivate.
What is personality?
A person’s personality is composed of many elements.
These elements, in general, fall into three categories —
emotional, social, and intellectual.
The way we think can be considered as part
of our personality.
• intellectual
People are also different in how they relate
to others.
• social
How people handle their emotions forms part
of the picture.
• emotional
Two influences at work:
No one really knows which of the two
influences are at work, heredity and
environment has the greater effect. Actually,
the combination of the two may not be the
same for every person.
Some aspects of personality are shaped by
what goes on around a person.
environment
Like father, like son.
•
• heredity
It's the set of abilities that helps us get
along in life with other people in all kinds of life
situations. It's our ability to ______ emotions,
to ______ emotions in others, to ______ our
strong feelings when we have them. It's our
ability to focus our energies on goal _____ and
problem _____---to be able to take the
_________ of other people that are in our
social world. And finally it's our ability to have
the basic social skills that we need to _______
everyday relationships.
IQ & EQ
IQ gets you
through school.
EQ gets you
through ____.
life
IQ is somewhat
inborn.
EQ can be
acquired
________.
IQ is hardware.
(brain)
EQ is _______.
software
(mind)
Some well-known
international
companies adopt
EQ tests when
selecting
candidates for
some key positions.
Inadequate Low EQ
EQ
Employees’ EQ≥
110
Average
EQ
AboveAverage
High Superior Exceptionally
EQ
EQ
high
Some findings about EQ:
1. EQ Predicts Top Performers
Studies of about 500 organizations worldwide indicate
that people who score highest on EQ measures rise to
the top of corporations.
2. Studies Reveal that EQ is the Key to Excellence in
Leadership
Analysis of over 500 competency(能力) studies around
the world determined that 80% of leadership
effectiveness involved emotional intelligence.
3. Studies have shown that a person with high EQ
has a higher chance of success compared to a person
with high IQ (but low EQ), as a high-EQ person is
better able to manage his emotions appropriately and
overcome his problems.
Key Words and Phrases
1. combination, combine
Association (联想): definition, define
2. characteristic
1) n. a special and easily recognized quality of
someone or something
Arrogance is one of his less attractive
characteristics.
2) adj. typical representing a person’s or
thing’s usual character; (常与of搭配)
It’s characteristic of him .
Cf: character, characteristic & feature
名词:“性格”、“品质”、“特征”。
character 指成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且
往往和品格有关。例如：
You can read a guy’s character at the first glance.
characteristic 指某物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重
要性，常指有代表性的一个侧面。常
用于科技领域。例如：
Longevity is an inheritable characteristic.
feature
通常指外貌的特征。例如：
An aquiline (鹰的) nose was her best feature.
Key Words and Phrases
3. compose: v.
Cf: compose, comprise, constitute & consist
compose
constitute
Parts
comprise
consist of
be composed of
Whole
Cf: compose, comprise, constitute & consist
1-1. 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成大不列颠岛。
England, Scotland, and Wales compose the
island of Great Britain.
1-2. Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
2. Do you know how many states comprise the
United States?
3. 七天为一个星期。
Seven days constitute a week.
4. 我们的晚餐只有三道菜。
Our dinner consists of three courses only.
Key Words and Phrases
4. company: n. companionship, fellowship
in the company of 在...陪同下
He kept me company. 他陪伴我。
I enjoyed his company. / I enjoyed no company.
I'm glad of your company.
I have company this evening.
今晚我有客。
A man is known by the company he keeps.
[谚]从其交友知其为人。
Key Words
5. inherit: vt.
1) receive something from someone who has
died or moved on.
He’s inherited a fortune from his rich
uncle.
2) to receive (a characteristic) from one's
parents by genetic transmission.
She inherited her mother’s good looks
and her father’s bad temper.
n. inheritance 遗产，遗传
Key Words
6. resemblance: n.
similarity, esp. in appearance; likeness
SCIENCE is lending support to the old belief that
married couples eventually begin to look alike.
Couples who originally bore no particular
resemblance to each other when first married had,
after 25 years of marriage, come to resemble each
other, although the resemblance may be subtle,
according to a new research report.
Moreover, the more marital happiness a couple
reported, the greater their increase in facial
resemblance.
influence & affect
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above.
Change the form where necessary.
1. Smoking ________ health.
2. The weather ________ crops.
3.The judge was never __________ in his decision
by his sympathies or prejudices.
4. Tom’s being demoted from corporal (下士) to
private (士兵) seriously _________ his income.
1) have an influence on (sb./sth.); produce an effect on
The change in climate may affect your health.
2) To act on the emotions of; touch or move.
We were deeply affected by the news of his death.
这两个词作为动词都有“影响”之意。
influence
affect
指通过劝说、催促、举例或行动等间接途径对人的思想、品质、
行为或对其成长等产生影响，也可表示对一种形势局面的左右。
这种影响可以是好的，也可以是坏的，但经常是不易察觉的, 是
潜移默化的。
指通过某事物本身直接显现影响，具有某种促进因素，足以
引起人或事物的反应。当其宾语是人时，常表示心智或情感
上的波动，以及健康情况的变化。这种影响多为消极的，通
常是能够察觉到的。
8. exert: vt.
use strength or skills in a determined way for a
particular purpose
My wife’s been exerting a lot of pressure on
me to change my job.
Collocation:
exert all one’s strength
exert influence on …
exert pressure on …
exert oneself
使出全身力气
对……施加影响
给……压力
努力；尽力
You’ll have to exert yourself more if
you want to pass your exam.
Useful Expressions
1. 基因构成
genetic make-up
2. 思考，考虑
reflect on
3. 总结，归纳，概括
sum up
shape personality
4. 塑造个性
5. 付出努力
6. 分成
make the effort
fall into
7. 响应，反应
respond to
8. 请客（吃饭）；举行（聚会） throw a party
9. 不把……告诉（某人）；防
止（某人）听到（某事）
keep (sth.) to
oneself
Useful Expressions
10. 处理情感
handle emotions
11. 智力特征
intellectual traits
12. 沉思
13. 以幽默的方式
deep thought
in entertaining ways
at work
14. 在工作中；在干活
15. 对……有影响
16. 产生影响
have an impact on
exert an effect on
17. 另一方面
18. 对……满意
on the other hand
19. 跟……一起
along with
be satisfied with
Group Discussion
Topics:
According to your knowledge, what are the
desirable personality traits one should have in
order to survive and succeed in the modern society?
As college students, how do you make use of the
prime time to cultivate some desirable traits?
A Self-portrait (Writing Practice)
A. Can you sum up your personality in one word, or
have a general description of it?
B. Form a picture from three sides:
Emotional: How do you handle your emotions? Take
one or two emotions as examples.
Social: How do you evaluate your interpersonal
relationships so far?
Intellectual: Are you a person who can properly
motivate yourself and others? What is your
typical way of looking at things?
A Self-portrait
C. Putting aside your educational background, what
kind of jobs do you think are suitable to you
considering your personality?
If you want to change such prospect, what
personality adjustments are you going to make?
And how are you going to make use of your
college years to reach your goal?
Please remember:
 Yesterday is history.
 Tomorrow is a mystery.
 Today is a gift.
 Hold your present!

One day, a small
opening appeared
on a cocoon (茧); a
man sat and
watched for the
butterfly for
several hours as it
struggled to force
its body through
that little hole.
A Butterfly’s Lesson
Then, it seems to
stop making any
progress.
It appeared as if it
had gotten as far as
it could and it could
not go any further.
So the man decided to
help the butterfly: he
took a pair of scissors
and opened the cocoon
（茧）.
The butterfly then
emerged easily.
But it had a withered （
干瘪的） body with tiny
and shrivelled (皱缩 的)
wings.
The man continued
to watch because he
expected that, at any
moment, the wings
would open, enlarge
and expand, to be
able to support the
butterfly’s body, and
become firm.
Neither happened!
In fact, the butterfly
spent the rest of its life
crawling around with a
withered （干瘪的）
body and shrivelled(皱缩
的) wings. It never was
able to fly.
What the man, in his
kindness and his goodwill
did not understand was that
the restricting cocoon and
the struggle required for the
butterfly to get through the
tiny opening, were God’s
way of forcing fluid (液体
)from the body of the
butterfly into its wings, so
that it would be ready for
flight once it achieved its
freedom from the cocoon
Sometimes, struggles
are exactly what we
need in our life.
If God allowed us to
go through our life
without any
obstacles, it would
cripple us. We would
not be as strong as
we could have been.
Never been able to
fly.
I asked for Strength...
And God gave me
d_________
ifficulties to make me
strong.
Iasked for Wisdom...
roblems
And God gave me P______
to solve.
I asked for prosperity...
And God gave me a Brain
and Brawn （muscular strength
） to work.
I asked for
Courage…..
And God gave
bstacles to
me o______
overcome.
I asked for
Love...
And God gave
roubled
me T______
people to help.
Execução: Leandro Valdir
Traducción: Fidelia García
Live life without fear, confront all obstacles and
evince (表明) that you can overcome them.
Proverbs and Quotations
Personality is to a man what perfume is to a flower.
— C. C. Schwab, USA businessman
品格之于人，犹如芳香之于花。
—— 美国实业家 C. C. 施瓦布
What is bred in the bone will stick to the flesh.
秉性难移。
Character is what you are in the dark.
— D. L. Moody, USA churchman
暗处最能反映一个人真正品格。
—— 美国教士 D. L. 穆迪
As fruit needs not only sunshine but cold nights
and chilling showers to ripen it, so character
needs not only joy but trial and difficulty to
mellow it.
— Hugh Black, American writer
水果不仅需要阳光，也需要凉夜和寒冷的雨水才能
成熟。同样，人的性情陶冶不仅需要欢乐，也需要
考验和困难。
—— 美国作家 H. 布莱克
Debate
Nature VS Nurture
Topic:
Do you think that we are born with certain
personality traits? Or do you think how we
behave is the result of our upbringing and
environment?