Skeletal System
7th Grade Health
Basic Bone Information
• How many bones are there in the adult human
body?
– 206
– Newborns have about 350 Why do they have more?
• Their bones fuse together as they get older
• Types of Bones
– Long
• Femur, Humerus
– Short
• Carpals
– Irregular
• Vertebrae
– Flat
• Pelvis, Patella
Basic Bone Information
• What is the largest bone in the body?
– Femur which accounts for ¼ of your height
• What is the smallest?
– Stirrup Bone
• Located in middle ear and is approximately
a tenth of an inch big
Functions of the Skeletal System
1. Support
•
Without bones you would be a giant blob on
the ground
2. Movement
•
Muscles are connected to bones through
TENDONS
3. Protection
•
Encases and Protects Vital Organs
• What are some organs it protects?
4. Produce Red Blood Cells
5. Calcium Storage
Parts of the Bone
• Periosteum
– Outer most layer of the bone
– Tissue laced with vessels and nerves
– Responsible for GROWTH and REPAIR
• Compact Bone
– Thick mineral material that surrounds the
canals/cavities in bone
• Cartilage
– Softer bone tissue that provides cushioning for
bones (shock absorber)
– Material that most babies bones are made of
• Over time it hardens into solid bone
Parts of the Bone
• Bone Marrow Cavity
– Hollow part of bone where your bone marrow is
stored
• Spongy Bone
– Part of bone that has spaces between them
– Just as strong as compact bone but lighter
– Stores Red Marrow (where Red Blood Cells are
produced)
Bone Breakdown
• Skull (Cranium)
– 29 Bones (8 that cover brain)
• Vertebrae
– 26
• Ribs
– 24 and sternum
• Upper Limb
– 30 each side
• Lower Limbs
– 30 each side
Common vs. Medical Terms
•
Common Name
1. Skull
2. Jaw
3. Neck
4. Collar
5. Shoulder
6. Breast Plate
7. Funny Bone
8. Forearm (thumb)
9. Forearm (pinky)
10. Wrist
11. Hand
12. Fingers
13. Ribs
•
Medical Name
1. Cranium
2. Mandible
3. Cervical Vertebrae
4. Clavicle
5. Scapula
6. Sternum
7. Humerus
8. Radius
9. Ulna
10. Carpals
11. Metacarpals
12. Phalanges
13. Ribs
Common vs. Medical Terms
•
Common
14. Spine
15. Middle Back
16. Lower Back
17. Tailbone
18. Hips
19. Thigh
20. Knee Cap
21. Shin
22. Calf
23. Ankle
24. Foot
25. Toes
•
Medical
14. Vertebrae
15. Thoracic Vertebrae
16. Lumbar Vertebrae
17. Sacrum
18. Pelvis
19. Femur
20. Patella
21. Tibia
22. Fibula
23. Tarsal
24. Metatarsal
25. Phalanges
Time to build our skeleton friend
Injuries to Skeletal System
• Fractures
– Greenstick
• A break in which the bone splinters and
does not completely break
• Occurs mainly in children and adolescents
– Why?
– Complete
• Simple: happens when there is a complete
break in the bone
• Compound: happens when there is a
complete break in the bone and the bone
breaks the skin
Injuries Continued
• Dislocations
– Occurs at Joints:
• Joints: a place where two bones meet
– When two bones that are connected move out
of place
• Ex.
– Shoulder Dislocation
» When the head of the humerus
moves out of the glenoid cavity of
the scapula
Diseases of the Skeletal System
• Scoliosis
– Sideways curvature of the spine
– Treatment
• Observation
• Physical Therapy (helps strengthen the muscles
around the spine)
• Brace
• Surgery
• Osteoarthritis (arthritis)
– Breakdown of cartilage that causes pain, swelling,
and stiffness in joints
– Caused by wear and tear of joints
• Prevention
– Move joints through pain free range of motion
daily
– Do not overwork sore joints
– Weight management
• Treatment
– Exercise (flexibility, strength training, aerobic)
– Diet
– Medication
– Rest
Diseases of the Skeletal System
• Osteoporosis:
– Thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone
density over time
– Occurs when body fails to make enough new
bone or old bone is reabsorbed through the
body
– Most common bone disease (estimated 10
million Americans)
• Help prevent by
– Calcium
– Over 50 years old (especially females)
should take extra vitamins to help
prevent
Caring for our bones
• CALCIUM
– Found in dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt
– Green vegetables
– Avoid excess protein and sodium (salt)
• EXERCISE
– Weight bearing and aerobic
– Change up the exercise so your body does not get
into a routine
• BRUSH YOUR TEETH
• BE CAREFUL
– The more risks you take and the more damage you
do to your bones, the weaker they will become as
you get older
The Real Deal on Cracking
Your Knuckles
• What's really happening when you "crack" your
knuckles is that you are either pushing the joint
back into or out of its normal position.
• Joints are the meeting points of two separate
bones which are held together by connecting
tissues and ligaments.
• A thick, clear lubricant (made mostly of carbon
dioxide and some nitrogen) called synovial fluid is
found between the bones.
• When you stretch or pull your finger to get that
desired popping noise, you are causing the bones
to pull apart.
• Pressure is reduced on the synovial fluid and
bubbles form that quickly expand and then burst which is why you get that noise.