Nonvascular Seedless Plants

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Seedless Plants

Plant

Evolution

Plant Evolution

 Nonvascular Seedless plants

– (Ordovician - 475 mya)

 Vascular Seedless plants

– (Devonian - 400 mya)

 Vascular Seed plants

– (Carboniferous - 360 mya)

 Flowering plants

– (Cretaceous - 130 mya)

Plant Evolution

(Common with Algae)

 Multicellular and Eukaryotic

 Cell walls made of Cellulose

 Chlorophyll a and b

 Store excess sugar as starch

Adaptations to Terrestrial Life

 Apical Meristems

 Multicellular Dependent Embryos

 Alternation of Generation

 Walled Spores produced in Sporangia

 Other Adaptations

– Cuticle, stomata, Xylem & Phloem, secondary compounds

Apical Meristems

Multicellular Dependent

Embryos

Alternation of Generation

Walled Spores produced in

Sporangia

Other Adaptations

Adaptations in

Shallow Water Algae

 Subjected to occasional drying

 Protection of gametes and embryos in gametangia

 Sporopollenin

Classification of Seedless

Plants

Nonvascular Seedless plants

– Bryophyta

 Vascular Seedless plants

– Lycophyta

 Mosses

– Hepatophyta

 Liverworts

– Anthocerophyta

 Hornworts

 Club mosses

– Psilophyta

 Whiskferns

– Spenophyta

 Horsetails

– Pterophyta

 Ferns

Nonvascular Seedless Plants

 Plant is a thallus (no vascular tissue)

– no true leaves, roots, stems

 Embryophytes

– gametangia

 (antheridium and archegonium)

– sporangium (produces spores)

Hepatophyta

 Liverworts

– Two forms

 leafy (80%)

 thalloid (20%)

Hepatophyta

 Liverworts

– Reproduction

 asexual

(gemmae cups)

 sexual

Anthocerophyta

 Hornworts

– Similar to liverworts except for sporophytes

– Most closely related to higher plants

Bryophyta

Mosses

Bryophyta

Mosses

Vascular Seedless Plants

 Formation of vascular tissue

– Xylem (water)

– Phloem (food)

– True leaves, roots, and stems

 Lignin

 Sporophyte generation dominate

 Sperm with flagella

Lycophyta

 Lycophytes

– true leaves

 microphylls

– true stems

– true roots

– sporophylls

 leaves that produce spores

Psilophyta

 Whisk Ferns

– no true leaves

– no true roots

Sphenophyta

 Horsetails

– true leaves

 microphylls

– true stems

 silica

– true roots

Division: Pterophyta

Division: Pterophyta

Fern Life Cycle

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