BRYOPHYTA
 Mosses
 Bryophyta
 Seedless nonvascular
 Clumps of grass, tiny trees, and small pieces of green yarn
 Use free standing water to allow that sperm to fertilize eggs
 EX: Peat moss/ Sphagnum
 Can withstand harsh conditions
HEPTOPHYTA
 Liverworts
 Heptophyta
 Seedless nonvascular
 Thallus- moss look-alike that is flat and leafless
 Wet rocks, flower pots, and other areas with plenty of
moisture
 Produce eggs on umbrella-like structure
 EX: Jungermanniales (Leafy) and Lunularia cruciata
(Thallus)
ANTHOCEROPHYTA
 Hornworts
 Anthocerophyta
 Seedless nonvascular
 Green horn-like structures
 Tropics
 Green horns produce spores
 EX: Dendroceros and Megoceros
LYCOPHYTA
 Club mosses
 Lycophyta
 Seedless vascular
 Stand upright like little trees
 Moist shaded woodlands
 Produce spores
 EX: Alaskan club moss, Alpine club moss, and Chinese club
moss
 Oldest living vascular plants
PTEROPHYTA
 Ferns
 Pterophyta
 Seedless vascular
 Have Trophyll- leaves that do not produce spores but
produce sugar for photosynthesis
 Shady woodlands
 Produce spores
 EX: Staghorn Fern, Boston Fern, and Maidenhair Fern
CYCADOPHYTA
 Cycads
 Cycadophyta
 Seeded vascular
 Look like Palm trees with large cones
 Tropical
 Seeds are fertilized by pollination
 EX: Balansa’s Sago and Mountain Sago
GINKGOPHYTA
 Seed Ferns
 Ginkgophyta
 Seeded vascular
 Two loped leaves of the plant
 China
 Drop seeds to be scattered
 Oldest species of seeded plants
CONIFEROPHYTA
 Conifers
 Coniferophyta
 Seeded vascular
 Needle-like leaves
 Mountainous regions
 Drop cones bearing their seeds
 EX: Pine Tree, Douglas Fir, and Mountain Hemlock
 Two conifers living in California are 4,700 years old
ANTHOPHYTA
 Flowering plants
 Anthophyta
 Flowering vascular
 Have flowers and fruits
 Basically live anywhere where there is a steady supply of
water and sunlight
 Use pollination to reproduce
 EX: Apple Trees, Sunflowers, and Magnolias