HK Biology Unit 6: Bacteria and Viruses Test/Midterm Review Packet
Name______________________________________________ Date___________________ Class__________
1. Bacteria belong to the Kingdoms __________________________ & ________________________.
They are ______________ (single / multi) -celled organisms ________________ (with,
without) a nucleus. Therefore they are referred to as ___________________ (Eukaryotic /
Prokaryotic).
2. Most bacteria are ________________________ (autotroph / heterotroph) because they
must get food from an outside source. However, cyano-bacteria can use the sun to
produce food, therefore are called ___________________________. Some perform
_____________________________, getting food from chemical compounds.
3. The three shapes of bacteria are ____________________ (which is round/spherical),
_____________________ (which is rod-shaped), and ___________________, (which is spiralshaped).
4. Some bacteria also have a tail, called a ________________________.
5. In what ways are bacteria beneficial to us?
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6. Some bacteria cause disease by releasing _______________, while others cause disease
by breaking down tissues for ________________. Bacterial diseases can be transmitted
by (list several ways)
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7. To fight bacterial infections, ____________________________________ may be taken.
8. Some ways to prevent bacterial infection are (list several ways)
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9. True / False: Antibiotics interfere with metabolic processes in bacteria that viruses do
not have.
10. True / False: E. coli is a bacterium with short, thin, hairlike projections called pilli
These can help it stick to other cells or transfer genetic material.
11. True / False: Disinfectants are used to destroy bacteria on nonliving inannimate
objects.
12. True / False: Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and wastes are called
decomposers.
13. True / False: A pathogen is harmful to living organisms b/c it causes disease.”
14. Do bacteria have a cell wall only or both a cell wall and a cell membrane?
15. Antibiotics are effective against ________________________but not ____________________.
16. The process by which a dead or disabled pathogen (or proteins from that pathogen)
is introduced into the body so that an immune response results without an actual
infection is called?
A) Vaccination/Vaccine
B) Antibiotics
C) Bacteriophage
D) Pathogenics
17. Matching
_____Photoautotrophs
_____Chemoautotrophs
A. Cannot make own food & must “eat chemicals” or
organic matter.
_____Chemoheterotrophs
B. Do photosynthesis AND eat organic matter or chemicals
_____Photoheterotrophs
C. make own food using sunlight
D. Make own food using chemicals
18. Viruses are (living, nonliving). They are composed of an outer ____________________,
with _________________________ inside.
19. When a virus injects its DNA into the host cell, it hijacks the host, forcing it to
_______________________of viral DNA. Once the viral proteins are assembled, the cell
_________________________, releasing the viruses. This is referred to as the
__________________________ cycle.
20. If the viral DNA is not immediately copied, it becomes integrated within the host's
____________________. When the host cell divides, the daughter cells produced will also
contain copies of the ________________. The virus may be ____________________ for
several years in this state, but it is being spread. This is called the ___________________
cycle. Once it becomes active again, the lytic cycle will take over.
21.
___________________________means disease causing, either from a bacteria or virus.
22. Viruses do not respond to _______________________. The body produces interferons to
help fight viruses. Humans can receive immunity from viruses through
_______________________, which is when we are injected with dead or weakened viruses so
that ___________________________ will be produced against it.
23. The __________________ (lytic / lysogenic) cycle is a cycle of viral infection, replication,
and cell destruction.
24. Is the host cell destroyed during the lysogenic cycle? Yes or no?
25. The protective outer coat of a VIRUS is called a _____________________.
26. A typical ________________ (Bacteria / Virus) consists of a protein coat and a nucleic
acid core of DNA or RNA. .
27. Viruses are surrounded by a _________________ coat called a capsid.
A) polysaccharide
B) Protien
C) Lipid
D) Carbohydrate
28. Are viruses considered cellular organisms? (Yes or No). ____________
29. Name the replication process through which bacterial cells such as E. coli transfer
pieces of genetic material using pilli. _______________________________________.
30. True / False: Viruses can only produce in living cells.
31. True / False: Viruses have nuclei and organelles
32. True / False: Viruses are cellular
33. True / False: Viruses are considered living b/c they are capable of reproduction.
34. Tell some reasons why viruses are NOT considered LIVING. (Short-answer).
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Label the parts of the bacteria and virus below:
35. Matching
1. _______Viruses that invade bacteria
A. Lytic cycle
2. _______When a bacterium grows to twice its normal size
and replicates its DNA and divides is called
3. _______In this type of viral infection, the DNA of the virus
B. Archaebacteria
C. Conjunction
enters the host cell and is inserted into its DNA
4. ______Cells that do not have a nucleus
D. Prokaryotes
5. ______The smaller group of prokaryotes that tend to live
in harsh environments
6. ______The larger group of prokaryotes
E. Bacteriophage
F. Eubacteria
7. ______Form of sexual reproduction in bacteria
8. ______This type of virus invades a cell, reproduces and is
G. Lysogenic Infection
scattered when the cell lyses and breaks
9. _____A non-cellular particle made up of genetic material
and protein that can invade living cells
H. Nitrigen Fixation
I.
Binary Fission
10. _____Process of changing N2 from the air into a useable
form the plant can use
J. Virus
36. Study the diagram of the lysogenic and lytic cycle, can you describe each step.