Virus/Bacteria Study Guide (Chapter 18)
1. Know the terms:
a. Virusb. Pathogenc. Viroidd. Prion2. Why are viruses not considered living things?
3. Why are prions unusual?
4. What disease are prions associated with?
5. What is the basic structure of a virus?
6. What are some capsids surrounded by?
7. What are the shapes of viruses (names- don’t draw)? Give some viral examples of each shape.
8. Viruses can either have _______ or ________ but never both.
9. What are bacteriophages? Draw and label a bacteriophage.
10. What are the two types of viral infections?
11. Compare the lytic and lysogenic infection.
12. What might cause a lysogenic infection to enter the lytic cycle?
13. What are some examples of viral infections?
a. __________
c. ___________
b. __________
d. ___________
14. What is a:
a. Vaccineb. Epidemicc. Retrovirus15. How do retroviruses work differently than regular viruses?
16. What is an example of a retrovirus?
17. HOW do vaccines work?
18. Know the terms:
a. Obligate anaerobeb. Obligate aerobec. Facultative aerobe19. What are the basic shapes of bacteria?
20. What is the shape of DNA in bacteria?
21. What is a plasmid?
22. What are the differences in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria?
23. What are some examples of bacterial infections?
_____________________________________
24. What is binary fission?
25. What is conjugation?
26. How do bacteria use endospores for protection?
27. What is nitrogen fixation?
____________________________________
28. What is bioremediation? Give an example.
29. What is a toxin?
30. What are antibiotics?
31. How do antibiotics work?
32. Why do antibiotics not work on viruses?
33. How can bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
34. What are superbugs?