----------------------------7 Kings of Rome:
1) Romulus 753 BC–716 BC romulus founded the city of rome and began building it on
the Palatine Hill. After founding Rome, he invited criminals, runaway slaves, exiles, and
other undesirables. Also under Romulus' reign, the Comitia Curiata was instituted. After
his death at the age of 54, Romulus was deified as the war god Quirinus and served not
only as one of the three major gods of Rome but also as the deified likeness of the city of
Rome.
2) Numa Pompilius 715 BC–674 BC the god Jupiter caused a shield to fall from the sky
on the Palatine Hill, which had letters of prophecy written on it, and in which the fate of
Rome as a city was tied up. Recognizing the importance of this sacred shield, King Numa
had eleven matching shields made. These shields were the ancilia, the sacred shields of
Jupiter, which were carried each year in a procession by the Salii priests. Numa also
instituted the Vestal Virgins. Waged no wars. Die naturally.
3) Tullus Hostilius 673 BC–642 BC He is said to have been struck dead by lightning as
the punishment of his pride. He also constructed a new home for the Senate, the Curia,
which survived for over 500 years after his death. Waged many wars.
4) Ancus Marcius 642 BC–617 BC He built Rome's first prison on the Capitoline Hill.
The first bridge across the Tiber River was built by Ancus. Die naturally.
5) Lucius Tarquinius Priscus 616 BC–579 BC not only Rome’s fifth king but also the
first of Etruscan birth. He ordered the making of Rome’s great sewer systems, the Cloaca
Maxima, which he used to drain the swamp-like area between the Seven Hills of Rome.
In the swamp’s place, he began what would become the Roman Forum. He also instituted
the founding of the Roman games. The most famous of his great building projects is the
Circus Maximus, a giant stadium used for chariot races which, to this day, remains the
largest stadium in the world. He was killed after 38 years as king at the hands of Ancus
Marcius’ sons.
6) Servius Tullius 578 BC–535 BC son-in-law of Lucius Priscus. Build the first walls to
fully encompass the Seven Hills of Rome, the pomerium. He instituted the world’s first
census which divided the people of Rome into five economic classes, and formed the
Century Assembly. Assassinated in a conspiracy led by his own daughter Tullia and her
husband Tarquinius Superbus.
7) Lucius Tarquinius Superbus 535 BC–510 BC/509 BC Lucius Junius Brutus
summoned the Senate and had Tarquinius and the monarchy expelled from Rome in 510
BC. After Tarquinius’ expulsion, the Senate voted to never again allow the rule of a king
and reformed Rome into a republican government in 509 BC.
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Hills of Rome:
1) Quirinal
2) Viminal
3) Esquiline
4) Caelian
5) Aventine
6) Palatine
7) Capitoline
Queen
Victoria
Eyed
Caesar’s
Awfully
Painful
Corn
----------------------------------Julio-Claudian Dynasty = refers to the first five Roman Emperors:
Augustus (Octavian), Tiberius, Caligula (Gaius), Claudius, and Nero.
Augustus Octavian (27 BC-14 AD)- full name = Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianusformed the second triumvirate of Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus. Was adopted by Julius
Caesar. His rule initiated the period of time known as Pax Roman(Roman peace) which
lasted for more than 2 centuries.
Tiberius (14-37 AD)- full name=Tiberius Caesar Augustus was adopted by Augustus
Octavian. He was called tristissimus hominum, "the gloomiest of men". 11 years before
his death he exiled himself from Rome.
Caligula (37-41AD)- full name=Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicuscaligula=little [soldier's] boots". He wore a miniature soldier’s uniform around soldiers.
Caligula was assassinated as the result of a conspiracy involving members of his own
bodyguard and the Roman Senate.
Claudius (41-54AD)- full name=Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicuswas murdered by poison.
Nero (54-68 AD)- full name= Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus- the great
fire burned about 1/10 of Rome during his reign. Nero also built a new palace complex
known as the Domus Aurea in an area cleared by the fire. There were rumors saying that
Nero was playing a lyre and singing while Rome burned.
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RANDOM INFO:
Founding of Rome= April 21, 753 BC
Fall of Rome= September 4, 476 AD
12 Tables = 12 tables in the Forum Romanum on which laws of Rome were published.
Called: Law of the Twelve Tables. The laws of the Twelve Tables were not a
comprehensive statement of all law; they are a sequence of definitions of various private
rights and procedures, similar to a bill of rights.
Horatii + Curiatii = the Horatii were a set of male triplets from Rome. During a war
between Rome and Alba Longa during the reign of Tullus Hostilius it was agreed that
settlement of the war would depend on the outcome of a battle between the Horatii and
the Curiatii. The Curiatii were a set of male triplets who were from Alba Longa.
-----------------------TOGAS:
Toga virilis: A plain white toga worn on formal occasions by most Roman men of legal
age, generally about 14 to 18 years
Toga candida: "Bright toga"; a toga bleached by chalk to a dazzling white, worn by
candidates for public office.
Toga praetexta: An ordinary white toga with a broad purple stripe on its border. It was
worn by boys, according to traditions the king and some other stuff that I never heard of.
The tunic worn by plebeians (common people) like shepherds and slaves was made from
coarse and dark material, whereas the tunic worn by patricians was of linen or white
wool.
Patricians wore red and orange sandals, senators had brown footwear, consuls had white
shoes, and soldiers wore heavy boots. Women wore closed shoes of colors like white,
yellow or green.
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A domus was the form of house that wealthy and some middle class families owned in
ancient Rome and almost all the major cities of the Roman Empire. (The poor and many
middle class Romans were housed in crowded apartment blocks, known as insulae,
while the country houses of the wealthy were known as villas). The domus included
multiple rooms, and an indoor courtyard: the atrium, which was the focal point of the
domus, off which were cubicula (bedrooms), an altar to the household gods, a
triclinium where guests could lie on couches and eat dinner whilst reclining, and a
tablinum (living room or study) and cellae (shops on the outside, facing the street).
----------------------------------Women's baths were smaller than the men's, and did not have a tepidarium (cold
room) or a palaestra (exercise area)