Review of Macromolecules
Each box contains several terms. In the blank space to the side, use all of the terms in a couple of sentences. Pretend
that you are explaining these words to someone who is totally unfamiliar with them.
Carbohydrates,
polysaccharide, dehydration
synthesis, hydrolysis,
monosaccharide
Lipids, cholesterol, saturated,
unsaturated, fatty acids,
phospholipids, glycerol
Proteins, peptide bond amino
acid, polypeptide
BONUS: enzyme, substrate,
catalyst, active site
Nucleic acids, ribonucleic
acid, nucleotides,
deoxygribonucleic acid
Be A Chemistry Detective:
In each of the following exercises you have clues about a compound. Using your knowledge of macromolecules and
deductive abilities, identify the molecule. Be as specific as possible.
1._______________: A polysaccharide. Animals store their excess fat in this form.
2._______________: Important in regulating chemical pathways, synthesizing materials needed by cells, and
releasing energy. Speed up chemical reactions by binding to reactants.
3._______________: Complex molecules composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorous atoms.
Polymers of molecules built up from a special 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogeneous base.
4._______________: A polysaccharide. Gives strength and rigidity to plants.
5._______________: Consist of parts that dissolve well in water and parts that do not dissolve well in water. Form
liposomes when mixed with water.
6._______________: All have similar chemical structure but differ in a region known as the R group. Can be joined
by polymerization to form proteins.
7._______________: A polysaccharide. Plants store excess sugar in this form.
8._______________: Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in an approximate ratio of 1:2:1. Has the formula
of C6H12O6.
9._______________: Long chains of hydrogen and carbon atoms that have a carboxyl group attached at one end.
Combine with glycerol to form lipids.
10.______________: A disaccharide. Other examples are maltose and lactose.
Write each item below the correct heading:
Sucrose
glucose
C6H12O6
cellulose
glycogen
starch
lactose
fructose
C12H22O11
Put the terms to the right under the box with the
Appropriate heading
Monosaccharide
Dissacharide
Polysaccharide
Complete the table by checking the correct column for each description:
May check more than one box if the description applies to more than one molecule.
Description
Made up of nucleotides
Lipids
Proteins
Most consist of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule
DNA and RNA
Contain peptide bonds
Produce proteins
Commonly called fats and oils
Made up of amino acids
Used for long-term energy storage, insulation, and protective
coatings
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
In a short paragraph below:
Describe four reasons the structure of carbon allows it to function as a building block for living things.
Sketch each of the examples of macromolecules listed below and fill in the table:
Nucleic Acids
Example
DNA
Sketch
Glucose
Amino Acid
Triglyceride
Structure Meets Function:
Category
Monomer
Polymer
Function
In the space below, describe what is meant by the statement “structure meets function.”
In the boxes below, choose a category of macromolecules and identify how structure meets function within
that category of macromolecules. You should use specific examples within your discussion.