ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
SECTION 1-6 P.33-34
CHARACTERISTICS OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1.
THEY ARE CARBON-BASED
COMPOUNDS (SOME, SUCH AS CARBON
DIOXIDE ARE NOT INCLUDED AS NO
HYDROGEN IS PRESENT)
2.
CARBON HAS 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS
WHICH FORM COVALENT BONDS
(TO CARBON AND OTHER ELEMENTS)
3.
THEY MAKE UP HYDROCARBONS
(WHICH CONTAIN ONLY HYDROGEN AND
CARBON) SUCH AS METHANEFUEL
4.
THEY ARE BASED UPON SINGLE UNITS CALLED
MONOMERSMONOSACCHARIDES (CARBS)
5.
THEY FORM CHAINS OF MONOMERS CALLED
POLYMERS (ALSO CALLED MACROMOLECULES)
CARBOHYDRATES
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
1. DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
*COMBINING MONOMERS TO FORM A POLYMER
AND PRODUCING WATER
MONOMER + MONOMER  POLYMER + WATER
2. HYDROLYSIS
*USING WATER TO BREAK APART POLYMERS
INTO MONOMERS
POLYMER + WATER  MONOMER + MONOMER
*SEE HANDOUT FOR EXAMPLES*