ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
SECTION 1-6 P.33-34
CHARACTERISTICS OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1.
THEY ARE CARBON-BASED
COMPOUNDS (SOME, SUCH AS CARBON
DIOXIDE ARE NOT INCLUDED AS NO
HYDROGEN IS PRESENT)
2.
CARBON HAS 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS
WHICH FORM COVALENT BONDS
(TO CARBON AND OTHER ELEMENTS)
3.
THEY MAKE UP HYDROCARBONS
(WHICH CONTAIN ONLY HYDROGEN AND
CARBON) SUCH AS METHANEFUEL
4.
THEY ARE BASED UPON SINGLE UNITS CALLED
MONOMERSMONOSACCHARIDES (CARBS)
5.
THEY FORM CHAINS OF MONOMERS CALLED
POLYMERS (ALSO CALLED MACROMOLECULES)
CARBOHYDRATES
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
1. DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
*COMBINING MONOMERS TO FORM A POLYMER
AND PRODUCING WATER
MONOMER + MONOMER POLYMER + WATER
2. HYDROLYSIS
*USING WATER TO BREAK APART POLYMERS
INTO MONOMERS
POLYMER + WATER MONOMER + MONOMER
*SEE HANDOUT FOR EXAMPLES*
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