Repaso para el examen 1.
Oraciones Simples
Partes de la Oración:
Sujeto: Agent of the action. She gave me a present yesterday at the
restaurant (She is the agent of the action)
Verbo: Always indicates the action (to give is an action, therefore
gave is a verb).
Complemento Directo: Answers to the question whom or what.
Another way to identify them is to think of the words someone and
something. If you can have only one of those two words, the object
will be most likely Direct (careful because in Spanish there are
exceptions to this rule –verbs like gustar for example). I hate
something or I hate someone. Therefore, the something or someone
is a direct object (whom or what do I hate?).
Complemento Indirecto. Answer the question “to whom” or “for
whom”. Whenever you can have the two words something and
someone together, the something will be the direct object and the
someone (have into account that the someone could be an animal.
For instance, “I gave my monkey a banana”) the indirect.
In English an indirect object always require the preposition “to” or “for”.
For example. Notice the difference between these two sentences:
1. “I bought you a present”  I bought it FOR you. You can add
the preposition ‘for’; hence, this is an indirect object.
2. “I visited you yesterday”  you cannot add the preposition ‘to’
or ‘for’. Hence, this is a direct object.
Complemento Circunstancial: Any other kind of information relevant
to the verb. On the sentence “She gave me a present yesterday at
the restaurant”, “yesterday” and “at the restaurant” are CC because
they give you extra information about the action. In this case it tells
you when the action happen and where the action happen.
Reglas en español:
1. You CANNOT repeat the direct object pronoun and the actual
direct object. For example you cannot say:
*Lo odio a Juan.
The correct way would be: Odio a Juan
Also, to say I hate him, you cannot say, Odio a él. Him is the
Direct Object Pronoun and in Spanish that is ´lo´. Hence, Lo
odio.
Exception: when changing the order  A él LO odio or A Peter
lo odio.
2. Whenever the direct object is a person DON´T forget the
personal ´a´.
3. Whenever you have a verb that takes an Indirect Object,
DON´T forget the indirect object pronoun.
*Di un regalo a mi madre. This is incorrect because the verb to
give takes an indirect object and therefore it does need an
indirect object pronoun.
Le di un regalo a mi madre.
4. Los pronombres personales, de objeto directo, de objeto
indirecto y preposicionales (Lección 3)
Actividades:
Analicen las siguientes oraciones y después tradúzcalas al español.
No olviden indicar cuál es el Sujeto, OD, OI, CC.
1. Mary’s boyfriend saw my friend at the supermarket.
a. ¿Quién es el sujeto? ¿Cómo se conjuga el verbo?
b. ¿Qué tipo de verbo hay en esta frase? ¿Lleva
complemento directo o indirecto?
c. Si hay un complemento directo, ¿es persona? ¿es un
pronombre de CD?
d. Si hay un complemento indirecto, ¿necesitamos repetir el
pronombre de CI? ¿necesitamos una frase preposicional
para clarificar quién es el CI?
2. They bought a chicken. They cooked it in the oven for 3 hours.
3. Jane and Peter wrote a letter to Margaret. They sent it to her by
air.
4. She was looking for you.
5. Jane’s brother visited my mother at the hospital.
6. Their company exploited children to make cheap clothing.
7. He governed them without mercy.
8. Mandrake hypnotized her. Then she tried to kill her lover
without success.
9. They gave it to Peter.
10.
My parents sent a letter to the president.