Kingdom Characteristics
Kingdoms of Prokaryotic Cells
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Archaea have a chemically unique cell wall and
membranes and a unique genetic system.
• Scientists think that archaea evolved in a separate
lineage from bacteria early in Earth’s history.
• Scientists also believe that some archaea
eventually gave rise to eukaryotes.
• Archaea were first found in extreme
environments, such as salt lakes, the deep
ocean, or hot springs that exceeded 100°C.
• These archaea are called extreme bacteria.
• Archaea called methanogens live in oxygenfree environments. Thermophiles live in hot
habitats and halophiles in salty areas.
Kingdom Eubacteria
• True bacteria
• Make up normal flora
• May be pathogenic such as strept and staph
causing skin and throat infections
Bacteria reproduce:
asexually using binary fission.
Conjugation is the
Genetic Variation
process at which genetic
information is passed from
one organism to another.
Conjugation among
bacteria involve the passing
of a plasmid from a host
bacteria to a recipient
bacteria.
What is a Plasmid:
Extra circular DNA that
carries a few extra genes
and replicates
independently of the host.
Bacteria Shapes
Kingdoms of Eukaryotic Cells
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Kingdom Plantae
• Almost all plants are autotrophs that produce their
own food by absorbing energy and raw materials
from the environment.
• The process that makes food, photosynthesis, occurs
in chloroplasts.
• The plant cell wall is made of a rigid material called
cellulose.
Kingdom Animalia
• Animals are multicellular heterotrophs.
• Their bodies may be simple collections of cells
or complex networks of organ systems.
• Animal cells lack a rigid cell wall.
Kingdom Fungi
• Fungi are heterotrophs that are mostly multicellular.
• Their cell wall is made of a rigid material called
chitin.
• Fungi are considered to be more closely related to
animals than to any other kingdom.
Kingdom Protista
• Kingdom Protista is a “leftover” taxon, so it is a
diverse group.
• Any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungi can
be called a protist.
• Protists did not descend from a single common
ancestor.
• For many years, biologists recognized four major
groups of protists: flagellates, amoebas, algae, and
parasitic protists.