FUNCTIONAL
GROUP
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Sulfhydryl
Phosphate
NAME OF
COMPOUNDS
STRUCTURE
EXAMPLE
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
FUNCTIONAL
GROUP
NAME OF
COMPOUNDS
Hydroxyl
Alcohols (their
specific names
ends in –ol )
Carbonyl
Ketones
Aldehyde
STRUCTURE
EXAMPLE
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
➣is polar as a result of the electronegative oxygen atom drawing
electrons toward it
➣attracts water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds
such as sugars
➣A ketone and an aldehyde may be structural isomers with
different properties, as in the case for acetone and propanal.
➣Has acidic properties because it is a source of hydrogen ions.
➣The covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar
that hydrogen ion (H+) tend to dissociate reversibly; for example,
Carboxyl
Carboxylic acids,
or organic acids
➣
Amino
Amine
Sulfhydryl
Thiols
Phosphate
Organic
Phosphates
Because it also
has a carboxyl
group, glycine is
both an amine
and a carboxylic
acid; compounds
with both groups are called amino acids.
➣Acts as a base; can pick up a proton from the
surrounding solution:
➣
➣Ionized, with a charge of
conditions.
+
1, under cellular
➣Two sulfhydryl groups can interact to stabilize protein structure
(fig. 5.20)
➣Makes the molecule of which it is a part an anion (negatively
charged ion).
➣Can transfer energy between organic molecules
FUNCTIONAL
GROUP
Hydroxyl
NAME OF
COMPOUNDS
STRUCTURE
EXAMPLE
Draw and name an
example
Alcohols (their
specific names
ends in –ol )
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
➣
Use the letters on the next page to designate the correct
functional properties for each of the arrows in this column.
➣
Draw both types of
structures
Ketones
Aldehyde
➣
Carbonyl
➣
➣
___________ acids,
or organic acids
➣
Draw glycine
Because it also has a
carboxyl group,
glycine is both an
amine and a
carboxylic acid;
compounds with both
groups are called _____ acids.
Draw both types of
structures
Sulfhydryl
Phosphate
➣
Thiols
Organic
Phosphates
Draw and name an
example
➣
➣
➣
➣
➣
AP BIOLOGY
Functional Groups Quiz
Match these functional properties (by letter) to the functional groups on the chart. This is only a sample. The choices will be reordered on your quiz.
)
➣
B)
➣ A _______ and an ________ may be structural isomers with different properties, as in the case for _______ and ________.
(Add the missing words in correct order on the chart. ex. B) ______, _______, ______, _______)
C)
➣ This group is polar as a result of the electronegative oxygen atom drawing electrons toward it.
D)
➣ The covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar that hydrogen ion (H+) tends to dissociate reversibly; for example
E)
➣ Makes the molecule of which it is a part an anion (negatively charged ion).
F)
➣
G)
➣ Acts as a base; can pick up a proton from the surrounding solution:
H)
➣ Has acidic properties because it is a source of hydrogen ions.
I)
➣ attracts water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds such as sugars
J)
➣ Can transfer energy between organic molecules
K)
➣ Ionized, with a charge of 1, under cellular conditions.
L)
➣ Two groups can interact to stabilize protein structure.
+