FUNCTIONAL
GROUP
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Sulfhydryl
Phosphate
NAME OF
COMPOUNDS
STRUCTURE
EXAMPLE
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
FUNCTIONAL
GROUP
NAME OF
COMPOUNDS
Hydroxyl
Alcohols (their
specific names
ends in –ol )
Carbonyl
Ketones
Aldehyde
STRUCTURE
EXAMPLE
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
is polar as a result of the electronegative oxygen atom drawing
electrons toward it
attracts water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds
such as sugars
A ketone and an aldehyde may be structural isomers with
different properties, as in the case for acetone and propanal.
Has acidic properties because it is a source of hydrogen ions.
The covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar
that hydrogen ion (H+) tend to dissociate reversibly; for example,
Carboxyl
Carboxylic acids,
or organic acids

Amino
Amine
Sulfhydryl
Thiols
Phosphate
Organic
Phosphates
Because it also
has a carboxyl
group, glycine is
both an amine
and a carboxylic
acid; compounds
with both groups
are called amino acids.
Acts as a base; can pick up a proton from the
surrounding solution:

Ionized, with a charge of
conditions.
+1,
under cellular
Two sulfhydryl groups can interact to stabilize protein structure
(fig. 5.20)
Makes the molecule of which it is a part an anion (negatively
charged ion).
Can transfer energy between organic molecules
FUNCTIONAL
GROUP
Hydroxyl
NAME OF
COMPOUNDS
STRUCTURE
EXAMPLE
Draw and name an
example
Alcohols (their
specific names
ends in –ol )
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES

Use the letters on the next page to designate the correct
functional properties for each of the arrows in this column.

Draw both types of
structures
Ketones
Aldehyde

Carbonyl


___________ acids,
or organic acids

Because it also has a
carboxyl group,
glycine is both an
amine and a
carboxylic acid;
compounds with both
groups are called
_____ acids.
Sulfhydryl
Thiols
Phosphate
Organic
Phosphates
Draw both types of
structures
Draw glycine




Draw and name an
example


AP BIOLOGY
Functional Groups Quiz
Match these functional properties (by letter) to the functional groups on the chart. This is only a sample. The choices will be reordered on your quiz.
)

B)
 A _______ and an ________ may be structural isomers with different properties, as in the case for _______ and ________.
(Add the missing words in correct order on the chart. ex. B) ______, _______, ______, _______)
C)
 This group is polar as a result of the electronegative oxygen atom drawing electrons toward it.
D)
 The covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar that hydrogen ion (H+) tends to dissociate reversibly; for example
E)
 Makes the molecule of which it is a part an anion (negatively charged ion).
F)

G)
 Acts as a base; can pick up a proton from the surrounding solution:
H)
 Has acidic properties because it is a source of hydrogen ions.
I)
 attracts water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds such as sugars
J)
 Can transfer energy between organic molecules
K)
 Ionized, with a charge of +1, under cellular conditions.
L)
 Two groups can interact to stabilize protein structure.