Business Process & Information
Systems
ATI
Antonius Rachmat C
Business Process
• Organization creates & deliver value in the
form of a product or service, which they offer
to customers or organizations
– Tangible: product physics
– Intangible : service, such as education, health,
information, financial services
• Business Process: sequence of activities that
produce some output / outcome
Receive Ticket Order
Airline Web Site
Traveler
Plan Trip
Seats
Available
NO
Notify Traveler
YES
Check Flights
NO
Seats
Available?
YES
Reserve Seats
Use
Credit
Card?
NO
NO
Frequent
Flyer Mileage
Sufficient?
YES
YES
Charge Credit Card
Subtract Mileage
Submit Ticket Order
NO
Charge
OK?
Receive e-Ticket
YES
Confirm Flight(s)
Issue e-Ticket
Notify Traveler
Operatio
ons
Warehou
use
Sales & Marrketing
Research & Dev
velopment
Finance & Acc
counting
Human Reso
ources
Information Tec
chnology
Functional organizational
Purchasiing
Functions vs. processes
Procurement: pembelian
Fulfillment / Sales: penjualan
Job description
• Purchasing
–
–
–
–
Identity vendor
Select vendor
Create and send purchase orders to vendor
Evaluate vendor performance
• Warehouse
–
–
–
–
–
Receive goods from supplier
Quality inspection
Prepare goods to be returned to supplier
Shipment
Receive goods returned from customer
Job description
• Supply chain
– Manage distribution strategy
– Inventory management
• Marketing n Sales:
–
–
–
–
Identify customer
Manage relationship with customer
Promote product / serivces
Receive customer order
• R&D
– Conduct research
– Develop product and process
Job description
• Financial
– Manage cash flow
– Process incoming/outcoming payments
– Prepare financial statements
• Human Resources
– Recruit, train, hire, evaluate employee
– Appraise employee
– Manage compensation
– Manage code of conduct
Three fundamental processes
• Procurement -> require basic material to
produce goods / services
• Production -> manufacturing / generating
goods / services
• Fulfillment / Sales -> delivers the goods /
services to it’s customer / resellers
• Basic Steps:
Process Steps
Input
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Output
Framework: Key process flows
Information Flow
Enterprise
Information
System
Data & Document Flow
Physical Flow
Financial impact
• Key financial statements:
– Balance sheet = Neraca Saldo
• Harta, utang, dan modal
– Profit & Lost = Rugi Laba
• Pendapatan dan biaya
– Statement of cash flows = Alur Kas
• Harta lancar (kas)
• Ingat akuntansi:
– Harta, utang, modal, pendapatan, biaya!
Yesterday: Paper-based process
Sales
Warehouse
Receive
Customer
Order
Create/
Update
Paperwork
Delay!
Prepare
Shipment
Send Paperwork
Delay!
Accounting
Send
Shipment
Create/
Update
Paperwork
Delay!
Send
Invoice
Send Paperwork
Delay!
Receive
Payment
Create/
Update
Paperwork
Delay!
Procurement Process
Outline
Agreement
Demand
Payment /
Accounts
Payable
Purchase
Requisition
Invoice
Verification
Vendor
Goods Receipt
& Inventory Mgmt.
Scheduling
Agreement
Purchase
Order
Document flow on Procurement
•
•
•
•
Purchase Requisition (permintaan pembelian)
Purchase Order (perintah pembelian)
Packing List
Goods Receipt Document (surat penerimaan
barang)
• Vendor Invoice
• Vendor Payment
15
Skenario
• Pembeli: SuperSkateboard (Customer)
• Penjual: BlackWidow Skateboard (Supplier)
Purchase Requisition
17
Purchase Order
18
Packing List
19
A Goods Receipt Document
20
A Vendor Invoice
21
Sales Order / Fulfillment
— Trading Goods
Customer Order
Receive payment /
Accounts Receivable
Picking
Billing
Packing
Goods Issue & Shipment
Sales Order Finished Goods (1)
Availability
Check
Goods Issue
Customer Order
Final Payment
Partial Payment
Billing
Sales Order Finished Goods (2)
Availability Check
- Insufficient Independent
Demand
Customer Order
Dependent
Demand
MRP Run
Production
Scheduling
Purchasing
Process Flow (3)
Goods Issue
to Shop Floor
Accounts Receivable
Production
Billing
Goods
Receipt
Goods Issue
Document flow in Sales Order
• Customer inquiry -> information request about
availability and prices of product
• Quotation (penawaran dari vendor)
• Customer purchase order (pesanan dari
customer)
• Sales order (perintah penjualan)
• Picking document (pemilihan)
• Packing list
• Customer Invoice (tagihan)
26
Customer Inquiry
Quotation
28
Customer Purchase Order
29
Sales Order
30
Picking Document
31
Packing List
32
Customer Invoice
33
Financial Impact of the Fulfillment Process
Financial (Accounting) changed!
34
Production Process
Schedule/Release
Goods Issue
Order Settlement
Shop Floor
Goods Receipt
Bill of Material (BOM)
• Identifies components needed to make one unit
of finished product
– Result of the product design process which leads to an
engineering drawing
• Multiple levels of BOM
– A component may have its own components
– Example: components of the standard truck assembly
• Which components could be manufactured from
raw material?
36
Engineering Drawing of the Standard
Skateboard
Bill of Material
SSB Plant Layout
Planned Order
Production Order – Completed State
Material Withdrawal Slip
42
Goods Receipt Document
43
Integrated Process
Next
• E-Business and E-Commerce