SCH 4U Naming Review
1. Naming Binary Compounds
*Binary compounds are compounds that contain two elements.
a) Binary Covalent Compounds:
o Always two non-metals.
o Use the prefix system.
(1)
The element with the lowest electronegativity is written first (the element further
to the left in the periodic table - if the elements are in the same group, write the
element which is lower in the group first)
Remove the ending from the name of the second element, and replace is with “ide”.
The number of atoms of each element is indicated prefixes:
(2)
(3)
1
mono-
2
di-
Notes:
Examples:
CO
N2S5
SO3
3
tri-
4
tetra-
5
penta-
6
hexa-
7
hepta-
8
octa-
9
nona-
10
deca-
* “mono” is never used with the first element in the compound’s name *
when a prefix ending in “o” or “a” is followed by “oxygen” or “oxide”, the
“o” or “a” of the prefix is dropped
____________________
____________________
____________________
phosphorus trichloride
nitrogen dioxide
oxygen difluoride
__________
__________
__________
b) Binary Ionic Compounds:
o Always a metal and a non-metal.
o Use the stock system or classical system for multivalent elements.
o DO NOT use prefixes!
Stock System (Roman Numerals)
(1)
(2)
(3)
Examples
CuCl2
KBr
FeCl3
The name of the positive ion is written first.
The name of the negative ion follows with the ending replaced by the suffix “-ide”.
Roman numerals are used to indicate the valence (charge) of the element if it has
more than one valence (stock system)
____________________
____________________
___________________
tin(IV) oxide
calcium iodide
platinum(IV) fluoride
__________
__________
__________
Classical Naming System (“ous-ic” system)
• oldest system and not commonly used
• derives form the Latin names of elements
• used to name compounds where the first element may have more than one valence.
(1) When the metal exhibits its lower valence, the ending –ous is added to the latin root of the
name.
(2) When the metal exhibits its higher valence, the ending –ic is used in the same way.
Element
Symbol
iron
copper
tin
lead
gold
Fe
Cu
Sn
Pb
Au
Latin
Name
ferrum
cuprum
stannum
plumbum
aurum
Example
FeCl2 ___________________
Lower
Valence
2
1
2
2
1
Ion Name
ferrous
cuprous
stannous
plumbous
aurous
FeCl3
Ion Name
ferric
cupric
stannic
plumbic
auric
Higher
Valence
3
2
4
4
3
___________________
2. Naming Polyatomic Compounds
• polyatomic ions: formed from more than one atom joined together by covalent bonds.
phosphPO23Hypo____ite
PO33____ite
PO43____ate
Per______ate PO53-
nitrNONO2NO3NO4-
Other polyatomic ions:
sulf- carbon- iodSO22- CO2IOSO32- CO22- IO2SO42- CO32- IO3SO52- CO42- IO4-
bromBrOBrO2BrO3BrO4-
chlorClO2 less O
ClO2
1 less O
ClO3 know this
ClO4- 1 more O
see list of common ions
The ionic rules for naming are used. Name the polyatomic ion as a unit.
Name the following or give the formula:
sodium chlorate
tin(II) acetate
zinc hydroxide
____________________
____________________
____________________
Example
hypochlorite
chlorite
chlorate
perchlorate
3. Naming Acids
a) Binary Acids: compounds formed of hydrogen plus one other element.
hydro ________ic acid
Examples: HCl(aq)
HF(aq)
HI(aq)
HBr(aq)
hydrochloric acid
____________________
____________________
____________________
b) Oxyacids: acid formed by combining hydrogen with a polyatomic ion containing oxygen
Example 2H+ + SO42- → H2SO4
Ion Formula
SO22SO32SO42SO52-
Name of Ion
hyposulfite
sulfite
sulfate
persulfate
sulfuric acid
Acid Formula
H2SO2
H2SO3
H2SO4
H2SO5
Name the following or give the formula:
HNO3
____________________
HCl
____________________
HC2H3O2
____________________
H2S
____________________
Name of Acid
hyposulfurous acid
sulfurous acid
sulfuric acid
persulfuric acid
hydrofluoric acid
phosphorous acid
carbonic acid
hydroiodic acid
_________
_________
_________
_________
4. Hydrated Salts:
• salt crystals that contain molecules of water within the crystal structure
Example:
CuSO4•5H2O
copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
5. Acid Salts:
• a compound formed when only some of the hydrogen atoms in an acid are replaced by a
metal
Example:
H2CO3
→
carbonic acid
NaHCO3
sodium hydrogen carbonate