BIOL 241 (Section 0439.25)
Category
Facial
Expression
Mastication
Tongue/Throat/
Anterior Neck
Muscles to Know
(This list supersedes the one in the 11-10-14 slides.)
Name
Comments/Hints
Origin; Insertion
Epicranius (also called frontalis or
occipitofrontalis)
Name means “around the
cranium”
Levator labii superioris
Name means “elevate the upper
lip”
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis means circular; oris
means oral (mouth)
Zygomaticus
Named for origin
Temporalis
Named for origin
Epicranial aponeurosis; skin of
eyebrows (and root of nose)
Zygomatic bone and maxilla; skin
and muscle of upper lip (and border
of nostril)
Mandible and maxilla (indirect);
muscle and skin of mouth
Zygomatic bone; skin and muscle at
corners of mouth
Zygomatic bone and maxilla;
mandible
Temporalis; mandible
Sternocleidomastoid
Named for origin and insertion
(cleido = clavicle)
Sternum and clavicle; mastoid
process of temporal bone
Longissimus of erector spinae
Erector spinae: hold spine erect
Semispinalis
Semispinalis: “half-spine”
(covers cervical and thoracic
spine only)
Levator scapulae
Name means “elevates scapula”
Masseter
Neck/Vertebral
Column
Rhomboid major
Thorax
Serratus anterior
Trapezius
Diaphragm
Shoulder/Arm
November 17, 2014
Pectoralis major
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Named for origin (supraspinous
fossa of scapula)
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Iliac crest and transverse processes
of vertebrae; ribs and vertebra
above the origin, mastoid process
Transverse processes of C7 to T12;
occipital bone and spinous processes
of cervical vertebrae and T1 to T4
Transverse processes of C1 to C4;
scapula
Spinous processes of thoracic
vertebrae; scapula
Lateral aspect of ribs 1 to 8; anterior
scapula
Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae,
spinous processes of C7 to T12;
scapula and clavicle
Sternum, costal cartilage, lumbar
vertebrae; central tendon
Clavicle, sternum, ribs; humerus
Clavicle and scapula; humerus
Scapula; humerus
Main Action(s)
Raises eyebrows
Opens lips
Closes lips
Smiling! 
Closes jaw
Closes jaw
Flexes neck forward (bilateral
contraction); rotates head (unilateral
contraction)
Extends the vertebral column and head
Extends head and vertebral column
(bilateral contraction); rotates head
(unilateral contraction)
Elevates and adducts scapula
Stabilizes scapula
Stabilizes scapula
Stabilizes scapula
Flattens to draw air into lungs
(inspiration)
Adducts/flexes arm
Abducts arm
Abducts humerus
BIOL 241 (Section 0439.25)
Muscles to Know
Triceps brachii
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Extensor digitorum
Abductor pollicis
Iliacus
(This list supersedes the one in the 11-10-14 slides.)
Named partly for insertion
Name: “flexes the wrist”
Name: “extends the digits”
recall that pollex = thumb;
named for action
Named for origin
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Sartorius
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Named for action
Named for action
Rectus femoris (of quadriceps)
Vastus lateralis (of quadriceps)
Hip/Leg
Vastus medialis (of quadriceps)
Vastus intermedius (of quadriceps)
Lateralis: lateral to the other
vastus muscles
Medialis: medial to the other
vastus muscles
Intermedius: intermediate to
(between) the other vastus
muscles
Biceps femoris (of hamstrings)
Semitendinosus (of hamstrings)
Semimembranosus (of hamstrings)
Tibialis anterior
Named for origin
Flexor digitorum longus
Name: “flexes digits”
November 17, 2014
Glenoid cavity and humerus; ulna
Scapula; radius
Humerus; radius
Humerus; metacarpals
Humerus; skin and fascia of palm
Humerus; phalanges
Ulna and radius; metacarpal I and
trapezium (a carpal)
Ilium and sacrum; femur
Pelvis (ilium/sacrum/coccyx); femur
and iliotibial tract (fascia)
Ilium; femur
Ilium; tibia
Pubis; femur
Ischium and pubis; femur
Ilium and acetabulum; patella and
tibia
Extends forearm
Flexes forearm
Flexes forearm
Flexes wrist
Tenses skin and fascia on palm
Extends fingers
Femur; patella and tibia
Extends knee
Femur; patella and tibia
Extends knee
Femur; patella and tibia
Extends knee
Ischium and femur; tibia and fibula
Ischium; tibia
Ischium; tibia (and femur)
Tibia; medial cuneiform (a tarsal)
and metatarsal I
Extends thigh; flexes knee
Extends thigh; flexes knee
Extends thigh; flexes knee
Tibia; distal phalanges of toes 2 to 5
Gastrocnemius
Femur; calcaneus
Abducts/extends thumb
Flexes trunk/thigh
Extends (flexed) thigh
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Flexes thigh and knee
Adducts thigh
Adducts thigh
Extends knee; flexes thigh at hip
Dorsiflexion
Flexes toes; plantar flexes and inverts
foot
Plantar flexion
This guide is based on Exercise 13 of your lab manual (Marieb et al., 11th edition). Simplifications of the lab manual are intentional. If you see any disagreements
with the lab manual, let me know – I may have made a mistake in copying/rewriting.
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