Anatomy and Physiology I
Lab Practical II Study Guide
HEAD AND NECK MUSCLES
MUSCLE
Frontalis
Occipitalis
Orbicularis Oris
ACTION
ORIGIN
Draws scalp forward,
raises eyebrows,
wrinkles forehead
Draws scalp backward
Epicranial aponeurosis
Skin superior to
supraorbital margin
Occipital bone and
mastoid process
Muscle fibers around
mouth
Epicranial aponeurosis
Medial wall of orbit
Circular path around
orbit
Depresses mandible,
draws lip down
(pouting)
Elevates and retracts
mandible
Elevates and retract
mandible
Fascia over deltoid and
pectoralis major
Mandible, skin of lower
face, muscles at corner
of mouth
Coronoid process and
ramus of mandible
Angle and ramus of
mandible
Blowing and sucking
actions, holds cheek
against teeth, assists in
mastication
Rotation and flexion of
head
Alveolar processes of
maxilla and mandible
Blends into fibers of
Orbicularis oris
Sternum and clavicle
Mastoid process
Closes and protrudes
lip, compresses lips
against teeth
Closes eye
Orbicularis Oculi
Platysma
Temporalis
Masseter
Buccinator
Sternocleidomastoid
Temporal and frontal
bones
Zygomatic arch
INSERTION
Skin at corner of mouth
MUSCLES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
MUSCLE
ACTION
ORIGIN
INSERTION
Erector Spinae
Spinalis group
Longissimus group
Iliocostalis group
Quadratus Lumborum
Together depress ribs,
alone laterally flex
spine
Iliac crest
12th rib and transverse
processes of lumbar
vertebrae
ABDOMINAL AND THORACIC MUSCLES
MUSCLE
Rectus Abdominis
ACTION
Internal Oblique
Flexion of spine,
compresses abdomen
Compresses abdomen,
rotation, lateral
bending
Transverse Abdominis
Compresses abdomen
Internal Intercostals
Depresses ribs on
forced exhalation
Elevates ribs during
inhalation
External Oblique
External Intercostals
Pectoralis Minor
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi
ORIGIN
Pubic crest and pubic
symphisis
Inferior 8 ribs
Cartilage of ribs 5-7 and
xiphoid process
Iliac crest and linea alba
Iliac crest and
lumbodorsal fascia
Ribs 6-12, iliac crest,
lumbodorsal fascia
Superior border of rib
below
Inferior border of rib
above
Cartilage of lower 3-4
ribs and linea alba
Linea alba and pubis
Depresses and abducts Ribs 3-5
scapula, elevates ribs
during forceful
inspiration if scapula is
fixed
Adducts and medially Clavicle, sternum,
rotates arm
cartilage of ribs 2-6
Rhombiod Major
Extends, adducts, and
medially rotates arm at
shoulder, draws arm
inferiorly and posterior
Adducts Scapula
Rhomboid Minor
Adducts Scapula
Trapezius
Elevates, adducts,
depresses, and rotates
scapula, extends head
INSERTION
Spinous process T6-L5,
inferior 4 ribs,
lombodorsal fascia
Spinous processes of
T2 – T5
Spinous processes of
C7 – T1
Occipital bone,
ligamentum nuchae,
processes of C7- T12
Inferior border of rib
above
Superior border of rib
below
Coracoid process of
scapula
Greater tubercle, and
intertubercular sulcus of
humerus
Intertubercular sulcus of
humerus
Vertebral border of
scapula
Vertebral border of
scapula
Clavicle, acromion
process, spine of
scapula
ARM AND SHOULDER MUSCLES
MUSCLE
Deltoid
ACTION
Abducts arm, rotates
arm
ORIGIN
Lat. clavicle, acromion,
spine of scapula
INSERTION
Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
Rotater Cuff Muscles
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor & major
Subscapularis
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
Flexion and
supination of upper
arm
Extension of forearm
Brachialis
Flexes forearm at
elbow
Brachioradialis
Flexes forearm,
supinates and
pronates
Flexes and adducts
hand
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extends and adducts
hand
Supraglenoid tubercle
and coracoid process
Radial tuberosity
Infraglenoid tubercle,
lateral and posterior
humerus, and posterior
humerus
Distal anterior humerus
Olecranon of ulna
Distal medial and lateral
borders of humerus
Medial epicondyle of
humerus and superior
posterior border of ulna
Lateral epicondyle of
humerus, posterior
border of ulna
Ulnar tuberosity and
coranoid process of
ulna
Superior to styloid
process of radius
Carpals, 5th
metacarpal
5th metacarpal
Hip and THIGH MUSCLES
MUSCLE
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Tensor fasciae latae
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
ACTION
Extends and laterally
rotates thigh at hip
joint
Abducts and medial
rotates thigh at hip
joint
Flexion/Med
Rotation at hip
Extend leg at knee,
flexes thigh at hip
Extend leg at knee
ORIGIN
INSERTION
Iliac crest, sacrum,
coccyx
Gluteal tuberosity
Anteror Iliac crest
Greater trochanter of
femur
Iliac Crest
Iliotibial tract
Anterior inferior iliac
spine
Greater trochanter
and linea aspera
Linea aspera
Patella via quad tendon
and tibial tuberosity
via patellar tendon
Vastus Intermedius
Sartorius
Gracilis
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Anterior and lateral
surfaces of body of
femur
Flexes leg at knee,
Anterior superior iliac
laterally rotates thigh spine
Adducts and
Pubis symphisis and
medially rotates thigh pubic arch
at hip, flexes leg at
knee
Flexes leg at knee,
Ischial tuberosity,
extends thigh at hip
linea aspera
Flexes leg at knee,
Ischial tuberosity
extends thigh at hip
Flexes leg at knee,
Ischial tuberosity
extends thigh at hip
Medial surface of body
of tibia
Medial surface of body
of tibia
Head of fibula, lateral
condyle of tibia
Proximal, medial
surface of tibia
Medial condyle of tibia
Adductor Group
Brevis
Longus
Magnus
Iliopsois Group
LOWER LEG MUSCLES
MUSCLE
Tibialis Anterior
Plantaris
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
ACTION
Dorsiflexes and
inverts foot
Plantar flexion,
flexion at knee
Plantar flexes foot,
flexes leg at knee
Plantar flexes foot,
flexes leg at knee
ORIGIN
Body and lateral
condyle of tibia
Laterl supracondylar
ridge of femur
Lateral and medial
condyles of femur
Head of fibula and
medial tibia
INSERTION
1st cuniform and 1st
metatarsal
Posterior aspect of
calcaneous
Calcaneous via
Achilles tendon
Calcaneous via
Achilles tendon