A. Functions
1. gives skeleton mobility
and holds it together still is
“weakest link” in skeleton.
B. When joints are classified
according to structure, they
are named for material
binding bones together
1. Fibrous
2. Cartilagenous
3. Synovial
a.are immovable
(synarthrotic)
joined by fibrous
connective with
no joint cavity. Ex:
sutures
b.Gomphoses in
Gum
c.Distal tibiofibular
joint
1. Articulating bones joined by bar
or plate of hyaline cartilage; no joint
cavity. Two types:
a. Synchrondroses
b. Symphyses
1. Synchrondroses- bar or plate of
hyaline cartilage joins bones. Joint
is immoveable (synarthrotic). Ex.
epiphyseal plate
2. Symphyseshyaline cartilage of
articulating bone
end is fused to pad
or plate of
fibrocartilage Ex.
Pubic symphysis,
intervertebral
discs. Slightly
moveable
a. definition: articulating bones
are joined by fluid - filled joint
capsule. They are diarthrotic, or
freely moveable, include most
joints of body, i.e., hinge, ball
and socket, plane, condyloid,
pivot and saddle joints.
b. General
structure of
synovial joint
(1) Articular
cartilage
(2) Joint cavity
(3) Articular
capsule
(4). Synovial
fluid
(5) Reinforcing
ligaments
(6) Other parts
associated
with synovial
joints
(a)fatty pads
(b)bursae
(c)menisci
(d)tendon
sheath
d. Type of movement - Angular
movement at hinge joints,
elbow shown
•
Flexion (decreases angle)
•
Extension (increases angle)
Angular movement at ball and
socket joints
• Adduction movement toward the
body center
• Abduction movement away from
body center
Rotational movement around an
axis at hip, shoulder and C1 and
C2.
•
Circumduction, movement in a
small circle at ball and socket
(shoulder & hip) and saddle joint
Metacarpal/thumb
e. Origin and insertions of
muscles
(1)the origin is the end of muscle
attached to immoveable end
(2)insertion end of the muscle that
is attached to moveable end
d. More Movement at synovial
joints
•g.Gliding
movement
at Plane
Movements
at synovial
joints
joints (intercarpal & intertarsal
joints) flat surfaces glide across
each other @ Js
• flexion/extension at condyloid
joint, interphalangeal joint
• Rotational movement at Pivot joint,
radioulnar joint one bone pivots
around another stationary bone,