• AP Chemistry
Name ____________________________________
9 • Orbital Hybridization
PRACTICE TEST
1.
Which hybridization is associated with a steric
8.
number of 3?
d) sp3d
a) sp
b) sp
2
How many sigma () and pi () electrons pairs are
in a carbon dioxide molecule?
a) four  and zero  d) two  and four 
3 2
e) sp d
b) three  and two  e) one  and three 
c) sp3
c) two  and two 
2.
The molecule BrF3 has a steric number of ___ on
9.
the central atom?
a) 3
3.
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
What is the hybridization of Br in BrF3?
a) sp
d) sp3d
b) sp2
e) sp3d2
What is the hybridization of the oxygen atoms in
CH3OH and CO2, respectively?
a) sp3, sp3
d) sp2, sp2
b) sp3, sp2
e) sp3, sp
c) sp2, sp3
10. All of the following species contain two -bonds
c) sp3
EXCEPT
4.
How many equivalent
a) 3
b) 1
sp3d
orbitals are there?
c) 5
d) 6
a) SCN
d) OCS
b) CO
e) NO
c) H2CCO
5.
What shape for electron pairs is associated with
sp3d2 hybridization?
11. Which response contains all the characteristics that
a) linear
d) tetrahedral
b) square planar
e) octahedral
should apply to BF3?
1. trigonal planar
c) bent
2. one unshared pair of electrons on B
3. sp2 hybridized boron atom
6.
A double bond contains ___ sigma bond(s)
4. polar molecule
and ___ pi bond(s).
5. polar bonds
a) 0, 2
7.
b) 1, 2
c) 2, 0
d) 1, 1
Which of the following elements is most likely to
3
display sp d hybridization?
a) oxygen
d) carbon
b) nitrogen
e) boron
c) phosphorus
a) 2, 4, and 5
d) 1, 3, and 5
b) 1, 3, and 4
e) 3, 4, and 5
c) 1, 2, and 3
15. According to the VSEPR model, the progressive
12. The respective hybridizations of nitrogen in NF3 and
NH3 are
increase in the bond angles in the series of molecules H2,
NH3, and CH4, is best accounted for by the
sp2 and sp2
a)
2
b)
sp and sp
c)
sp and sp3
3
d)
sp and sp
a) increasing size of the central atom
2
b) decreasing electronegativity of the
central atom
3
c) decreasing number of unshared pairs of
electrons
d) increasing repulsion between hydrogen
13.
Molecule
Bond
atoms
Bond length
(pm)
NH3
N-H
98
PH3
P-H
140
16. A table of atomic radii is given on the table below.
Based on the information given on the table above,
which statement best explains the P-H bond length
is longer than N-H bond length?
a)
The P atom has a larger atomic radii making the
columbic attractions weaker and the bond length
longer.
b)
The P atom has a larger atomic radii making the
columbic attractions stronger and the bond
length longer.
c)
The P atom has a smaller atomic radii making
the columbic attractions weaker and the bond
length longer.
d)
The P atom has a smaller atomic radii making
the columbic attractions stronger and the bond
length longer.
14. How many  and  bonds are in C2H2 in which
the two carbon atoms are adjacent and each carbon
atom has one hydrogen atom attached to it?
a) three  bonds and two  bonds
b) four  bonds and one  bonds
c) three  bonds and one  bonds
d) one  bonds and one  bonds
Which of the following covalent bonds between
hydrogen and a nonmetal would have the lowest
overall potential energy based on the stomic radius
of the atoms?
a)
ammonia
b)
hydrogen fluoride
c)
methane
d)
water
Short Answer:
12. Consider the structural formula for acetic acid,
HC2H3O2 or CH3COOH. Indicate the type of
hybridization used by each of the carbon and
oxygen atoms.
H
O
H C C
H
O H
13. Consider the structural formula for the acetate ion,
C2H3O2– or CH3COO–. Indicate the hybridization
used by each of the carbon and oxygen atoms.
H
O
H C C
H
O
14. Briefly explain why carbon as graphite (a nonmetal) can conduct electricity?
15. When BF3 + NH3  BF3NH3, how does the
hybridization of the boron atom change, if at all?