Name: _________________________________ Date:__________________ Period: ___
Chapter 4.2 Flashcard List
Ch. 4.2 Quiz Date: _____________________
Standard 1b: Students know the characteristics that distinguish plant cells from animal cells,
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including chloroplasts and cell walls
What this means: Plant cells have some unique structures that make plant cells different from
animals cells. These structures include organelles called chloroplasts, and a structure called
the cell wall which surrounds the cell membrane.
Standard 1c: Students know the nucleus is the repository for genetic information in plant and animal
cells.
What this means: The nucleus of a plant or animal cell contains information that the cell uses
as blueprints for building new cells. The genetic or hereditary material is the DNA.
Word/
concept
Definition/example
cell
a cell is the smallest part of a living
thing; it is the smallest unit of both
structure and function
organelles
organelles are tiny structures inside
cells that have specific jobs to do for
the cell;
cell
membrane
a protective double layered covering
that surrounds the surface of all cells; it
provides some protection and controls
what can go into or exit the cell;
found in ALL cells
cytoplasm
the gel-like fluid inside a cell between
the cell membrane and the nucleus; it
includes the fluid and organelles and
chemicals found in the fluid;
found in ALL cells
cell wall
a rigid cell structure made of cellulose,
found only in plant cells; it surrounds
the cell membrane and provides
support for the cell;
found ONLY in plant cells
pictures/diagrams/examples
cells can be specialized to “do” different
jobs- and cells are different sizes and
shapes-different kinds of cells do
different kinds of jobs, which is why
they are different sizes and shapes
Word/
concept
Definition/example
chloroplast
complex cell organelle found in plant
cells but not in animal cells; it is the
organelle where photosynthesis takes
place;
found ONLY in plant cells
nucleus
the large, oval organelle or cell
structure found near the center of
eukaryotic cells; it stores the DNA or
genetic material for the cell;
found in BOTH plant and animal cells
mitochondrion
a double membrane bound organelle
found in both plant and animal cells; it
is known as the powerhouse of the cell
because it produces almost all the
energy for all cells through a process
called cellular respiration
found in BOTH plant and animal cells
large central
vacuole
large vacuoles are a type of vesicle
which stores water and other materials
until they are needed by the cell;
found ONLY in plant cells
ribosome
tiny organelle made of RNA (one kind
of nucleic acid) and protein; ribosomes
make proteins
found in BOTH plant and animal cells
endoplasmic
reticulum
a system of membranes in the cellʼs
cytoplasm; the E.R. helps make,
process and transport proteins; also
helps to make lipids (fats)
found in BOTH plant and animal cells
golgi complex
organelle that helps make and package
materials to be transported out of the
cell;
pictures/diagrams/examples