KEY TO CELL WORKSHEET
BIO 137
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I
Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Directions:
Label the cell parts in the diagram
on the next slide., and then fill-inthe-blanks regarding the structure
and function of each labeled part
on the pages that follow.
A key will be posted next week.
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
2d. ______________
1. _______
2a. _________________ 2c.________ 9.________________
l l
l
2b. ___________________
10. ___________________
3. _______________
4. ____________
11. ____________
12. __________
5. ____________
13. __________
6. _______________
7. _____________________
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
8. ______________________
2d. chromatin
1. flagellum____________
2c.nucleolus
2a. nuclear envelope______
l
l
l
2b. nucleus_________________
l
3. centrioles/ centrosome
4. mitochondrion__
9.ribosomes
10. cell membrane
11. rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
12. smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
5. microvilli_____
13. cilia
6. Golgi Apparatus__
7. microtubule_____________
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
8. lysosomes____________
1. Name the long tail-like
extension. FLAGELLUM
• The function of this extension is TO
PROVIDE LOCOMOTION FOR THE
CELL.
• Name the only human cell that
possesses this organelle. SPERM
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
2a. Name the cell part.
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
• The membrane surrounding # 2b below,
is similar to the cell membrane,
however it fuses at some points to form
NUCLEAR PORES.
• Name two things that readily pass
through these pores.
– RIBOSOMES
– MESSENGER RNA
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
2b. Name cell part. NUCLEUS
• This central core of the cell functions to
control all cellular activities. It contains
DNA (and proteins), which directs
protein synthesis in the cell.
• The most important function of the
proteins synthesized by the cell is that
some serve as biological catalysts
called ENZYMES.
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
2c. Name the organelle.
NUCLEOLUS
• This dense-staining, spherical
organelle within the nucleus is
composed of what two
macromolecules? RNA and PROTEIN.
• It functions in the synthesis of what
other organelle? RIBOSOMES
• FYI: Cells may possess more than one
of this organelle.
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
2d. Name the organelle.
CHROMATIN
• During the majority of a cell’s life, it’s
DNA is loosely coiled with nuclear
protein and is referred to as
CHROMATIN.
• If the cell were preparing to divide, how
would its DNA (and protein) appear?
CHROMOSOMES
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
3. Name the cell part.
Pair of CENTRIOLES (or CENTROSOME)
• This pair of cylinders composed of
microtubules is always located near the
cell nucleus, and at right angles to one
another.
• This structure (or structures) aid in the
migration of CHROMOSOMES during
cell division (or mitosis).
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
4. Name the cell part.
MITOCHONDRION
• The inner membrane of this kidneyshaped organelle is folded into shelflike partitions called CRISTAE.
• The function of this organelle is to
release ENERGY/ATP from nutrients we
eat in a process called CELLULAR
RESPIRATION.
• Consequently, this organelle is
commonly called the POWER-HOUSE
of the cell.
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
5. Name these extensions of the
cell membrane. MICROVILLI
• Name the function of these extensions.
TO INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA
OF THE MEMBRANE
• Name the human organ whose lining
possesses these. SMALL INTESTINE
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
6. Name the cellular organelle.
GOLGI APPARATUS
• This “stack of pancakes” functions to
MODIFY, PACKAGE, and TRANSPORT
newly made proteins in the cell.
• Each “pancake” is called a
CISTERNAE, and possesses necessary
enzymes to perform the function above.
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
7. Name this protein filament.
MICROTUBULE
• These protein filaments along with
microfilaments and intermediate
filaments compose the
CYTOSKELETON of the cell.
• These function to support the cell and
are sometimes called the “BONES and
MUSCLES” of the cell.
• These protein filaments also allow for
INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT.
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
8. Name these organelles.
LYSOSOMES
• These membranous sacs contain
DIGESTIVE enzymes that destroy worn
cell parts and foreign debris.
• Because they function in this manner they
are sometimes called the SUICIDE SACS
of the cell.
• Special white blood cells called
PHAGOCYTES have many of these
organelles, and function to eat and
destroy bacteria and prevent disease.
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
9. Name the organelles.
RIBOSOMES
• These small organelles are composed of
what two macromolecules? RNA and
PROTEINS
• In what organelle were these organelles
synthesized? NUCLEOLUS
• Name the function of these organelles.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
• These organelles can be free in the
cytoplasm or studded on the membranes of
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
9. continued
• Besides enzymes, list five other
functions of proteins.
– STRUCTURE
– TRANSPORT
– CHEMICAL MESSENGERS
– MOVEMENT
– DEFENSE
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
10. Name the organelle.
CELL MEMBRANE
• This outer boundary of the cell is
composed of a bilayer of (a)
PHOSPHOLIPIDS and (b) PROTEINS.
• 10a. are positioned so that their
PHOSPHATE- heads (which are polar)
form the surfaces of the membrane.
Therefore the membrane surfaces are
hydrophilic.
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
10. continued
• The FATTY-ACID tails (which are non- polar
portion of 10a) form the internal portion of
the membrane. Therefore the membrane is
essentially hydrophobic.
• This membrane is selectively permeable,
which means it CONTROLS WHAT ENTERS
and LEAVES the cell (I.E. MEMBRANE
TRANSPORT)
• In general, small, FAT-soluble substances
pass through this membrane more readily
than WATER-soluble substances.
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
11. Name the organelle.
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
• This maze of membranous channels is
studded with what other organelles?
ROBOSOMES
• This organelle functions to synthesize
PROTEINS for the cell.
• Once synthesized, these structures
must pass to the GOLGI APPARATUS
to be modified, packaged, and
transported.
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
12. Name the organelle.
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
• This maze of membranous channels
functions to synthesize LIPIDS and
CHOLESTEROL for the cell.
• Name the functions of the
macromolecule made at this organelle.
– ENERGY STORE
– CHEMICAL MESSENGERS (HORMONES)
– CELL MEMBRANE COMPONENTS
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
13. Name the cellular extensions.
CILIA
• Name the function of these eyelash-like
extensions. TO BEAT AND PUSH
SUBSTANCES THROUGH
PASSAGEWAYS
• Name the human organ whose lining
possesses these. TRACHEA
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
All of the organelles discussed
above are suspended in a jellylike fluid called CYTOPLASM.
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
2d. chromatin
1. flagellum____________
2c.nucleolus
2a. nuclear envelope______
l
l
l
2b. nucleus_________________
l
3. centrioles/ centrosome
4. mitochondrion__
9.ribosomes
10. cell membrane
11. rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
12. smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
5. microvilli_____
13. cilia
6. Golgi Apparatus__
7. microtubule_____________
Copyright 2012 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
8. lysosomes____________