BIO 139
HUMAN ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY II
URINARY SYSTEM LAB
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
THE URINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEYS
 URETERS
 URINARY
BLADDER
 URETHRA

Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath


REMOVE
METABOLIC
WASTES FROM
BLOOD
BLOOD
HOMEOSTASIS
–
–
–
–
–
pH
Blood pressure
Blood volume
Blood composition
Red Blood cell
Composition
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Anatomy of the Kidney
Renal Capsule
 Renal Cortex
 Renal Medulla
 Renal Pyramids (collecting
ducts)
 Minor calyx
 Major calyx
 Renal Pelvis

Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
The kidneys and ureters are
retroperitoneal.
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
The Functional Unit of the
Kidney is the Nephron

RENAL
CORPUSCLE
– Glomerulus
– Bowman’s
Capsule
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

RENAL TUBULE
– Proximal convoluted
tubule
– Descending loop of
Henle
– Ascending Loop of
Henle
– Distal Convoluted
Tubule
– Collecting Duct
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Renal Blood Flow
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Renal Artery
Interlobar Artery
Arcuate Artery
Interlobular Artery
Afferent Arteriole
Glomerular
Capillaries
Efferent Arteriole
Peritubular
Capillaries
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath




Interlobular Vein
Arcuate Vein
Interlobar Vein
Renal Vein
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
JUXTAGLOMERULAR
APPARATUS

AFFERENT
ARTERIOLE
– JUXTAGLOMERULAR
CELLS
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath

DISTAL
CONVOLUTED
TUBULE
– MACULA
DENSA CELLS
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
URINARY MODELS
Free Standing Urinary Apparatus
(Male)
 Torso Urinary Organs
 Large Kidney (Coronal Section)
 Small Kidney with Adrenal Gland
(no photo included in PPT)
 Nephron Model
 Juxtaglomerular Model
 Wall Chart

Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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Key to Male Urinary Organ Model
1. adrenal glands
 2. inferior vena
cava
 3. abdominal aorta
 4. kidneys
 5. renal veins

Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
6. right renal artery
 7. ureters
 8. urinary bladder
 9. prostate gland

Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
1. ADRENAL
GLAND
2. KIDNEY
3. URETER
4. URINARY
BLADDER
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3
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
1.Renal vein
2.Renal artery
3.Ureter
4.Renal pelvis
5.Major calyx
6.Minor calyx
(7. renal papilla)
8. Renal medulla/
renal pyramid
(9. renal column)
10.Renal cortex
11.Renal capsule
1. Ureter
2. Renal artery
3. Renal vein
4. Renal pelvis
5. Major calyx
6. Minor calyx
(7. renal papilla)
8. Renal medulla/
renal pyramid
(9. renal column)
10.Renal cortex
11.Renal capsule
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
This model shows the
macroscopic blood vessels.
Trace blood into and
out of the kidney.
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
1. Arcuate artery
2. Interlobular artery
3. Afferent Arteriole
4. Renal Corpuscle/
Bowman’s Capsule (green)
5. Efferent Arteriole
6. Peritubular Capillary Network/
Vasa recta
7. Interlobular Vein
8. Arcuate Vein
9. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (beige)
10.Descending Loop of Henle (beige)
11. Ascending Loop of Henle (purple)
12.Distal Convoluted Tubule (purple)
13. Collecting ducts (yellow)
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
3
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1. Afferent Arteriole (with
adipose)
2. Macula Densa (of
3. Distal Convoluted Tubule
(purple)
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Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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Glomerulus (red within)
Bowman’s Capsule (green)
Efferent Arteriole
Proximal Convoluted
Tubule (beige)
8. Collecting Duct (yellow)
URINARY MODELS
Free Standing Urinary Apparatus
(Male)
 Torso Urinary Organs
 Large Kidney (Coronal Section)
 Small Kidney with Adrenal Gland
(no photo included in PPT)
 Nephron Model
 Juxtaglomerular Model
 Wall Chart

Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
THE URINARY SYSTEM:
3 MICROSCOPE SLIDES

KIDNEY
– SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM OF
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
– SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM OF
KIDNEY TUBULES

BLADDER
– TRANSITIONAL ET
– SMOOTH MUSCLE

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM OF
URETER
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
KIDNEY SHOWING GLOMERULI AND RENAL TUBULES
~HIGH~
RENAL TUBULES
GLOMERULI
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Glomerulus: Lined by Simple
Squamous Epithelium
A single layer of flattened cells
 Locations:
– Lining capillaries
 Function:
– Diffusion (exchange of gases,
nutrients, wastes); filtration;
excretion

Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS ET AS FOUND IN KIDNEY~OIL~
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS ET CELLS LINING
THE GLOMERULUS
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Kidney Tubules: Lined by
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
A single layer of cube-shaped cells with
large prominent nuclei
 Locations:
– Lining kidney tubules
 Functions:
– Secretion
– Absorption

Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL ET AS FOUND IN THE KIDNEY~OIL~ SEE
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL ET CELLS OF THE
RENAL TUBULE
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Microscopic Views of the Nephron
a. Glomerulus with fenestrae a filtration capillary network
covered by podocytes.
b. Bowman's capsule collects the filtrate.
c. Parietal capsule wall made of simple squamous.
d. Proximal convoluted tubule -cuboidal cells with long microvilli
e. Distal convoluted tubule - small compact cuboidal cells
f. Nephron loop - thin limb with simple squamous cells
g. Collecting duct - lined with cuboidal cells
h. Peritubular capillary filled with red blood cells.
AP II Lab Help | NHC Biology Homepage | E-mail comments to RM Chute....Homepage
This page last modified on 4/1/2002.
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Ureter: Lined by Transitional
Epithelium
Many layers of cells that change shape
due to pressure
 Locations:

– Lining of Urinary bladder
– Lining of Ureter

Function:
– distensibility
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
TRANSITIONAL ET OF THE URETER~LOW~
TRANSITIONAL ET
SMOOTH MUSCLE
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
TRANSITIONAL ET OF THE URETER~HIGH~
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Urinary Bladder Histology
See textbook Figure 20.20, page 797
 Lining/mucosa is transitional ET
 Middle submucosa is CT and elastic
fibers
 Wall/muscular layer is composed of
course bundles of smooth muscle
interlaced in all directions = detrusor
muscle
 Outer serosa = parietal peritoneum

Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Microscopic Views of the Urinary Bladder Wall
The inner mucuos coat consists of several layers of transitional epithelial cells.
The second layer, the subserous coat, consists of fibrous tissue which contains many elastic fibers.
The wide muscular coat as a whole is called the detrusor muscle.
Click on the green squares to see the details of the bladder wall.
AP II Lab Help | NHC Biology Homepage | E-mail comments to RM Chute....Homepage
This page last modified on 4/1/2002.
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
SEM OF NEPHRON
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Demonstration: Pig Kidney
Dissection

Check list
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Renal capsule
Ureter
Renal artery and vein
Hilum
Renal cortex
Renal medulla with pyramids
(Renal columns)
Minor /major calyces
Renal pelvis
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Pig Dissection re: Urinary Organs
Kidneys
 Ureters
 Urinary Bladder
 Urethra
 (Female: Urogenital Sinus, Urogenital
Opening, Urogenital Tubercle)
 (Male: Penis, Urogenital Opening)

Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
FEMALE
Kidney, right
Descending portion of
colon
Kidney, left
Ureter
Uterine horns
Ovary, right
Ovary, left
Body of uterus
Urinary bladder
Vagina
Urethra
Urogenital sinus
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
MALE
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
URINALYSIS
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Color is clear and pale yellow to amber
Odor is aromatic upon voiding
– Bacterial action produces ammonia-like odor
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pH ranges from 4.5-8.0
– Protein diet; acidic urine
– Vegetarian diet; alkaline urine
– UTI causes alkaline urine

Specific Gravity ranges from 1.001-1.030
– Low is caused by excessive water intake
– High is caused by low fluid intake; diuresis;
pyelonephritis, which may result in kidney stones
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
URINALYSIS
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Glycosuria
– Glucose in urine; diabetes
Albuminuria
– Protein in urine; glomerular damage
Ketonuria
– Ketones in urine; fasting/diabetes
Hematuria
– Red blood cells in urine; UTI
Hemoglobinuria
– Hemoglobin in urine; hemolytic disease
Pyruria
– White blood cells in urine; UTI
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
For each urine sample, observe:
 Color
________________
 Odor ________________
 pH __________________
 Specific gravity ________
 Any abnormal constituents?
_____________________
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Results of Urinalysis
NORMAL
 UNKNOWN A

– ABNORMAL CONSTITUENT:
– DIAGNOSIS?

UNKNOWN B
– ABNORMAL CONSTITUENT:
– DIAGNOSIS?

UNKNOWN C
– ABNORMAL CONSTITUENT:
– DIAGNOSIS?
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
PRACTICE QUIZ
NAME THE STRUCTURE/ORGAN
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
NAME THIS PART OF THE KIDNEY
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
1. Ureter
2. Renal artery
3. Renal vein
4. Renal pelvis
5. Major calyx
6. Minor calyx
(7. renal papilla)
8. Renal medulla/
renal pyramid
(9. renal column)
10.Renal cortex
11.Renal capsule
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
NAME THE BLOOD VESSEL
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
1
2
NAME THE
ORGAN
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Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
1. ADRENAL
GLAND
2. KIDNEY
3. URETER
4. URINARY
BLADDER
NAME THE
KIDNEY PART
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
NAME THE
STRUCTURE
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
1. Arcuate artery
2. Interlobular artery
3. Afferent Arteriole
4. Renal Corpuscle/
Bowman’s Capsule (green)
5. Efferent Arteriole
6. Peritubular Capillary Network/
Vasa recta
7. Interlobular Vein
8. Arcuate Vein
9. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (beige)
10.Descending Loop of Henle (beige)
11. Ascending Loop of Henle (purple)
12.Distal Convoluted Tubule (purple)
13. Collecting ducts (yellow)
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
TRANSITIONAL ET OF THE URETER~LOW~
TRANSITIONAL ET
SMOOTH MUSCLE
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
NAME THE KIDNEY
PART
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
NAME THIS
FUNCTIONAL
UNIT
OF THE
KIDNEY
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
3
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7
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
3
2
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1. Afferent Arteriole (with
adipose)
2. Macula Densa (of
3. Distal Convoluted Tubule
(purple)
1
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4
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7
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
5
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5.
6.
7.
Glomerulus (red within)
Bowman’s Capsule (green)
Efferent Arteriole
Proximal Convoluted
Tubule (beige)
8. Collecting Duct (yellow)
LM , SEM,
TEM?
SEM OF NEPHRON
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
SEM
SEM OF NEPHRON
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
NAME THE STRUCTURE(S).
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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Key to Male Urinary Organ Model
1. adrenal glands
 2. inferior vena
cava
 3. abdominal aorta
 4. kidneys
 5. renal vein

Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
6. right renal artery
 7. ureters
 8. urinary bladder
 9. prostate gland

NAME THE STRUCTURE
?
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
NAME THE STRUCTURE
GLOMERULUS
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Kidney, right
Descending portion of
colon
Kidney, left
Ureter
Uterine horns
Ovary, right
Ovary, left
Body of uterus
Urinary bladder
Vagina
Urethra
Urogenital sinus
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2013 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
GOOD LUCK STUDYING!
GOOD
LUCK
STUDYING