Cold War: 1945-1962
Answers #1-#38
1. What organization did the Allies found in 1945
near the end of World War II?
2. Identify the United Nations.
1. United Nations
2. U.N. = an international organization to promote
world peace and progress
3. League of Nations
3. What organization did the United Nations
replace?
4. What happened to Japan when it was under
American direction?
5. What was the condition of Europe at the end of
World War II?
6. What country’s military forces occupied most of
Eastern and Central Europe and the eastern
portion of Germany at the end of World War II?
7. What nations’ forces occupied West Germany at
the end of World War II?
8. What did the Allies do to Germany after World
War II?
9. What did West Germany do a few years after
World War II?
10. What happened to East Germany after World
War II?
11. What war began soon after World War II ended?
12. Identify the Cold War.
4. Japan’s government became democratic, Japan
became a strong ally (friend) of the United States
5. Europe lay in ruins.
6. Soviet Union
7. United States, Britain. and France
8. divided Germany into East and West Germany
9. West Germany became democratic.
10. East Germany became communist and stayed under
the control of the Soviet Union.
11. the Cold War
12. Cold War = an uneasy peace after World War II,
marked by a fierce rivalry between the U.S. and the
Soviet Union
13. a war of words between the United States and the
Soviet Union; until 1991, about 45 years
14. the Cold War
13. What type of war was the Cold War and how
long did it last?
14. What set the framework for global politics for
the first forty-five years after World War II?
15. In what three ways did the Cold War influence
the United States after 1945?
15. 1) American domestic politics (issues inside the
U.S.)
2) conduct of foreign affairs
3) role of American government in the economy
after 1945
16. Values of western nations, including the U.S.:
believed in democracy, individual freedom, free market
economic system based on private property and profit
17. Values of Soviet Union: totalitarian government
(dictatorship) ruled by communists and a communist or
socialist economic system
18. Socialism = an economic system in which the
government owns and controls the means of
production; for example, under socialism, the
government owns power plants, transportation and
16. Describe the fundamental values of the
American-led western nations during the Cold
War.
17. Describe the fundamental values of the Soviet
Union and its allies during the Cold War.
18. Define socialism.
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communication companies, mines, and steel mills
19. containment
19. What anti-communist policy did the United
States adopt after World War II?
20. Identify containment.
20. containment = the post-World War II American
foreign policy that tried to check the expansion of the
Soviet Union and communism through diplomatic,
economic, and military means
21. contain or restrict communism to those countries
where it already existed; keep communism from
spreading to other countries
22. Greece and Turkey
21. What did the United States try to accomplish
through the containment policy?
22. In what two countries did the prospect of a
communist takeover cause President Harry
Truman to announce the Truman Doctrine in
1947?
23. Identify the Truman Doctrine.
23. Truman Doctrine = President Harry S. Truman’s
promise that the U.S. would defend free peoples from
subversion (overthrow of the government) or outside
pressure
24. What precedent did the Truman Doctrine set?
24. set precedent that the containment of communism
would be the basic principle of American foreign
policy throughout the Cold War
25. Identify the Marshall Plan.
25. Marshall Plan = a massive American financial aid
program (1947) to help European nations recover
economically from World War II
26. What was the dual purpose of the Marshall Plan? 26. 1) rebuild European economies
2) prevent the spread of communism
27. For what does NATO stand?
27. NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization
28. What was the purpose of NATO?
28. Purpose of NATO: a defensive military alliance
between the U.S. and Western European countries to
prevent a Soviet invasion of Western Europe
29. Identify NATO.
29. NATO = an alliance of the U.S., Western European
democracies, and Canada to provide mutual aid in the
event of armed attack; an attack on one member of
NATO would be considered an attack on all
30. Identify the Warsaw Pact.
30. a defensive military alliance between the Soviet
Union and Eastern European communist countries to
oppose NATO
31. When and where did communism spread to
31. 1949 China
Asia?
32. Who was Mao Zedong?
32. Mao = the leader of the communist Chinese
33. Who was Chiang Kai-shek?
33. Chiang Kai-shek = leader of the anti-communist
Chinese
37. Where did Mao force Chiang to flee?
34. the island of Formosa off the coast of China
38. What government did Chiang set up after he fled 35. Taiwan
to Formosa?
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