Guided Lecture Notes
Chapter 9: Disorders of White Blood Cells and Lymphoid Tissues
Learning Objective 1. List the three types of cells of the hematopoietic system.

Describe the meaning of hematopoietic.

Identify the three types of white blood cells that are the result of hematopoiesis
(refer to Fig. 9-2).
Learning Objective 2. Trace the development of the different blood cells from their
origin in the pluripotent bone marrow stem cells to their circulation in the bloodstream
(refer to Fig. 9-1).

Explain the meaning of pluripotent stem cell and colony-forming unit (CFU).

Identify the two types of cells that arise from pluripotent stem cells (refer to
PowerPoint Slide 7).

Discuss the role of cytokines and colony-stimulating factors in the regulation of
blood cells.

Explain the difference between lymphoid and myeloid stem cells, and identify the
cells that arise from each (refer to PowerPoint Slides 8–10).
Learning Objective 3. Describe the role of the lymphoid tissues.

Using examples, explain the difference between central and peripheral lymph
organs.

List the blood cells that arise from each of the two types of lymphoid tissue.
Learning Objective 4. List the three types of white blood cells and briefly describe their
functions.

Describe the function of granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes (refer to
PowerPoint Slides 3, 4, and 14).
Learning Objective 5. List the three subtypes of granulocytes and briefly describe their
roles.

Describe the function of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils (refer to
PowerPoint Slide 3).

Give the % composition of total WBCs represented by each granulocyte.
Learning Objective 6. Define the terms leukopenia, neutropenia, granulocytopenia, and
aplastic anemia.

Explain the difference between neutropenia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia/
agranulocytosis, and aplastic anemia (refer to PowerPoint Slide 16).
Learning Objective 7. Cite two general causes of neutropenia.

Identify causes of neutropenia (refer to Table 9-1).
Learning Objective 8. Describe the mechanism of symptom production in neutropenia.

For each cause, list the resulting effect on neutrophils.

Describe the clinical manifestations associated with neutropenia.
Learning Objective 9. Define infectious mononucleosis and describe its pathogenesis,
clinical manifestations, and treatment.

Explain the cause of infectious mononucleosis, and cite its prevalence.

Describe the pathology, clinical course, typical lab results, and treatment for
infectious mononucleosis.
Learning Objective 10. Use the concepts regarding the central and peripheral lymphoid
tissues to describe the site of origin of the malignant lymphomas, leukemias, and plasma
cell dyscrasias.

Explain where malignancies originate in malignant lymphomas, leukemias, and
plasma cell dyscrasias (refer to PowerPoint Slide 19).
Learning Objective 11. Contrast and compare the signs and symptoms of Hodgkin
lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Identify alterations in cell differentiation that result in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin
lymphomas (refer to PowerPoint Slide 27 and Fig. 9-4).

Describe the clinical manifestations associated with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin
lymphoma.
Learning Objective 12. Describe the treatment measures used in Hodgkin lymphoma
and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Compare treatment options and prognoses between Hodgkin lymphoma and nonHodgkin lymphoma.
Learning Objective 13. Use the predominant white blood cell type and the classification
of acute or chronic to describe the four general types of leukemia.

Identify the type of WBC affected and the resulting alterations in cellular function
that occur in acute lymphocytic (ALL), acute myelogenous (AML), chronic
lymphocytic (CLL), and chronic myelogenous (CML) leukemias (refer to
PowerPoint Slides 20–22).
Learning Objective 14. Explain the manifestations of leukemia in terms of altered cell
differentiation.

Explain how the onset of symptoms differs between acute and chronic leukemias.

Compare the clinical manifestations of acute and chronic leukemias (refer to
Table 9-2).

Describe how altered cell differentiation causes the above symptoms (refer to
PowerPoint Slide 25).
Learning Objective 15. Describe the following complications of acute leukemia and its
treatment: leukostasis, tumor lysis syndrome, hyperuricemia, and blast crisis.

Discuss treatment options available for the common complications of acute
leukemia (leukostasis, tumor lysis syndrome, hyperuricemia, and blast crisis).
Learning Objective 16. Relate the clonal expansion of immunoglobulin-producing
plasma cells and accompanying destructive skeletal changes that occur with multiple
myeloma in terms of manifestations and clinical course for this disorder.

Explain how expansion of a single clone of plasma cells that produce
immunoglobulins results in the pathologic changes seen in multiple myeloma
(refer to PowerPoint Slide 28 and Fig. 9-6).

Discuss risk factors, prevalence, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and treatment
for multiple myeloma.