2008-09
Annual Survey of
Public Library Services
in Victoria
2008-09
ISSN 1035-4832
January 2010
Published by
Local Government Victoria
Department of Planning and Community Development
55 Collins Street, Melbourne Victoria 3000
http://www.localgovernment.vic.gov.au
Disclaimer
Statistics provided in the Annual Survey of Public Library Services are
submitted by all Public Library Services in Victoria. Data is collected and
collated annually by Local Government Victoria, who remains committed to
publishing the Annual Survey. The Survey can be downloaded from
http://www.localgovernment.vic.gov.au
Every attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy of the published data.
However, some errors and omissions in the submitted data may not have
been detected.
Population data - The population figures used in each Annual Survey is the
Estimated Residential Population (ERP) as provided by the Australian
Bureau of Statistics. The State Library of NSW kindly provide the NSW
population figures for bordering library services.
Copyright & Disclaimer
The materials presented in this report are for information purposes only. The
information is provided solely on the basis that readers will be responsible for making
their own assessments of the matters discussed and are advised to verify all relevant
representations, statements and information and obtain independent advice before
acting on any information contained in or in connection with this report.
While every effort has been made to ensure that the information is accurate, the
Department of Planning and Community Development will not accept any liability for
any loss or damage which may be incurred by any person acting in reliance upon the
information.
Copyright © State of Victoria 2010
This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process
except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968.
Contents
Overview
1
Public Library Services Statistics
3
1
General
4
2
Service Points
5
3
Membership
8
4
Collection – Print Material
9
5
Collection – Non-Print Material
14
6
Collection – Newspaper & Serials Subscriptions
18
7
Programs
20
8
Information Technology
21
9
Staff
22
10
Finance
24
Supporting Notes from Public Library Services
26
Indicators
31
Summary of Statistics 1950 to present
41
Annual Survey Questionnaire
45
Overview
Victoria has 286 public libraries
and 27 mobile libraries
There are 2.9 million bookings
for use of the internet
There are 286 branches across Victoria including
many that are joint-use or multi-use facilities with
other community services.
Despite the increase in the number of people that
have internet access at home there is still
significant internet use in libraries.
In addition to these permanent branches there
are 27 mobile libraries servicing 389 locations
often in isolated rural and regional communities
with nearly 500,000 visits. These mobile libraries
provide a range of services including internet and
computer access as well as traditional borrowing
services.
Bookings were made for 1.8 million hours of
internet time and over 150,000 wireless sessions.
Victorians make over
28 million visits to libraries
Collections contain
nearly 9 million items
More than 550,000 visits are made each week to
libraries.
The public library collections contain over 8.8
million items, giving people access to a wide
range of books, audiovisual and reference
materials.
More than 20,000 people benefited from the
home library services which are delivered to
housebound people.
Over 30 million visits to library websites,
demonstrating that library information can be
accessed in a variety of ways.
Public access computers in libraries has grown
to 4,000 giving library members more access to
both the internet and computer applications.
Over 50% of new material were purchased over
the last 5 years and last year 1 million items were
replaced, keeping the collections modern and
relevant.
Over 48 million items
are borrowed each year
48% of Victorians are
members of local libraries
A wide range of items are borrowed each year
from Victoria’s public libraries, these include:
There are 2.5 million Victorians who are
members of a library.
• 36 million books;
Libraries are the most used community facility in
Victoria, along with parks and gardens, and are
used by 51% of the population (Australian Bureau
of Statistics General Social Survey 2002). Other
community facilities, such as art galleries and
museums, are used by about half as many
Victorians (Australian Bureau of Statistics Survey
of Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and
Events 2005-6).
• 12 million audio visual items; and
• 3.5 million newspapers and serials (including
newspapers in languages other than English).
Every member of a public library borrows more
than 18 items per year on average.
Library also conducted over 30,000 programs,
attended by over 900,000 participants.
1
2
Public Library Services
Statistics
3
Supporting Notes from Public Library Services
Bayside Library Service
City of Boroondara Library Service
10.3 & 10.4 Calculated for an average week
11.8 Note that everything for which a fee or
charge is set by Council is included in the
earlier figure
11.
Please note that Financial do not balance
as $37,283 wireless grant from DPCD
received in June 2009 was not expended
that financial year but carried over to
2009/2010.
Brimbank Libraries
4.36, 4.37, 4.38, 4.39
Includes Local History and Not-for-loan
Genealogy collections.
6.6, 6.7, 6.8 Includes non-print material, excludes
online resources.
6.9
Includes partial e-book downloads
6.11 Includes periodical article downloads.
7.3
Does not include newspaper loans
7.4
Includes LOTE newspaper expenditure
8.2
Includes all attendees of youth programs
11.2 $217,000 RFID Deer Park, resources
budget $880,000, $99,005 St Albans
redevelopment
11.4 $220,000 partial payment for the $500,000
Living Libraries funding for St Albans
11.5 $29,020 Premiers Reading Challenge &
$42,455 Wireless & PC bookings grants
11.10 $217,000 RFID equipment purchase &
$99,005 St Albans redevelopment
11.14 This total includes $1,193,363 (25%) in
'Internal Charges'
Campaspe Regional Library
8.7
Included our Words on Wheels Storytelling
Sessions in outreach figures
9.7
Figure given last year was incorrect, the
figure provided this year includes visits to
website, opac and library blog
Casey-Cardinia Library Corporation
4.38 Discards are placed in other materials as
an aggregate figure. Data not available
individually.
6.13 - 6.16 ILL includes intra Swift library holds
and stock movement
Central Highlands Regional Library
9.5 & 9.6 Wireless systems in use at Ballarat and
Wendouree branches but no statistics
available, this will change with the
installation of a new wireless system in the
2009/2010 financial year in all CHRLC
static branches
Corangamite Regional Library Corporation
2.8
Outreach Van; Warrnambool Home
Service Van
4.
All totals exclude processing
4.10 Inclusive of Premier's Reading Challenge
nominated funding
5.
All totals exclude processing
7.
Excludes newspapers
26
Darebin Libraries
3.4
Clearance of Inactive Users. Currently we
are unable to do this, but are able to
accurately measure members active in the
previous three years.
9.6
Number of wireless session hours booked.
Unable to measure number of hours.
East Gippsland Shire Library
2.3
Hours per branch - Bairnsdale = 40.5 /
Paynesville =- 15/ Orbost, Lakes & Omeo
= 127.5 (42.5 per branch)
2.17 Selection by volunteers, delivery by
volunteers. Volunteers are coordinated by
Gippsland Lakes Community Health
2.22(a) Hours undertaking home service, Library
administration = 2.5 hrs per fortnight
2.22(b) Hours undertaking home service,
Volunteers = 15 hrs per fortnight
6.14 409 requests not supplied due to non
current holdings on Libraries Australia and
items being on loan at time of request
9.4
Total number of hours for which all PCs
are booked for use. No record available
Eastern Regional Libraries
5.25 Other non-print material expenditure
includes $79,479 for Online
resources/databases.
7.10 & 7.11 Unable to provide this breakdown figures included with 7.2 and 7.3
Frankston Library Service
2.1
Space increase due to new meeting room.
2.4
Unreliable data due to faulty visitor counter
for some parts of the year.
3.5
Statistic not easily available from LMS
10.1 only includes librarians, not library
technicians.
10.3 Shelving occurs as part of staff role so this
part was factored out of the equation e.g.
33% of customer service shift is shelving
which was not included.
10.4 Not all of our volunteers keep up with filling
out their timesheets so we have had to
estimate some hours of contribution.
11.15 Variance of income to expenditure totals is
due to depreciation being included.
Gannawarra Library Service
2.8
Mobile service is contracted out to, and
vehicle owned by Swan Hill Regional
Library Service.
2.10 Incorrect figures used last year (total
loans).
2.11 Unable to provide figures due to service
being contracted out.
2.12 One stop on behalf of Gannawarra Library
Service. Additional stops for Swan Hill
Library Service.
3.4
Membership files cleared monthly through
Swift Symphony management.
4.43 Heavily weeded collection 08/09 financial
year.
5.21 Is Electronic Database.
5.24 Is Electronic Database useage
6.12 See 5.24 (Other non-print material).
8.2 & 8.4 Had two unprecedented programs in
08/09 where large numbers participated.
9.1 & 9.2 Incorrect public access computer
numbers entered last year.
9.3
Two new internet service providers
available in competition with library service.
9.4
Time patron spends on internet not tallied.
10.9 Reported incorrectly. 07/08 should read
$56500.
10.13 Reported incorrectly. 07/08 should read
$98561.
10.13 Correct figure was divided between 10.9 &
10.13. Capital books was not included at
all.
Geelong Regional Library Corporation
2.
Home Library Service operated by Do Care
Geelong.
7.8
$ reflected in answer to 7.4
Glen Eira Library & Information Service
1.2
Population figure entered is the Preliminary
ERP for 2008 of 133,807
3.5
Data not available due to major system
upgrade during reporting period
6.12 Information is not consistent across
databases
8.2
Separate figures were not kept in 2008
2009 for attendance by adults and children.
These will be available for 2009 2010.
9.4
This data is not collected due to manual
booking system
10.8 Total number of actual staff includes 22 full
time, 37 part time and 12 casual staff
members
11.13 Depreciation is costed to an area of
Council's budget separate to the library
budget.
11.14 Includes internal charges such as vehicle
and plant charges; internal rentals and
cleaning charges; IT charges; fixed
allocated costs and payroll tax.
Glenelg Libraries
6.
Overall collections - Age of Collection Age beyond 4 yrs not applicable. Glenelg
Libraries has been in existence since July
2005.
7.
Newspaper & Serials subscriptions - Adult
& Junior not separated by collection at this
stage. Approx 60% Adult & 40% Jnr
Goldfields Library Corporation
4.
Other Print materials includes special
collections, stack and miscellaneous
collections.
10.
Does not include 'partnerships' with related
organisations such as the Friends groups,
Genealogy groups or local history groups.
11.
Mobile Library Trailer - Living Libraries;
Minor Capital Works to Gisborne Library
through Living Libraries Macedon Ranges
Shire Council paid the difference, not the
Corporation. Interest high because of
money put aside for build of mobile library
trailer, taking advantage of interest
Greater Dandenong Libraries
3.5
Figure was calculated using borrower last
activity for a 12 month period.
5.25 Expenditure for Online Resources
including Gulliver.
8.4
Include participants for Adult learners week
and Neighbourhood House Week.
9.3 & 9.4 Includes English Language and Literacy
Access PC Usage.
9.7
Number of hit on the Library web pages on
GreaterDandenong.com
11.1 In previous years this has included income
for capital works. This is now in 11.2.
11.2 Library Materials are funded as part of
capital works.
11.4 Partial Wireless and Computer
Management Grant received in 2008/09.
11.5 Let's Read Communities for Children
Federal Funding.
High Country Library Corporation
2.8
Outreach services - 5 small or remote
communities visited on a monthly basis by
Library Van and Outreach Officer. A total
of 226 patrons borrowed 3,503 items. A
further 479 items were loaned through the
postal service.
4.
Discard figure includes all categories
7.2
Excludes copies of newspapers
7.4
Expenditure includes children and young
adult titles
9.7
HCLC changed to Sirsidynix Rooms
software for our web page and it does not
have the functionality to count the number
of visits to the website.
Hobsons Bay Libraries
9.1
Did not include training room 10 PCs
10.1 5f/t & 6p/t
10.4 Included regular volunteers, did not include
Santa or 1 off volunteers for Living
Libraries
10.5 7work exp & 2 industry
10.8 45 permanent staff, 37 casuals & shelvers
11.3 Incl Local Priorities
11.4 Living Libraries
11.5 VPRC & WiFi
Hume Libraries
7.
Magazine loans are not broken down into
language or adult/junior collections. This
figure is a global figure.
9.7
The library website was made the
homepage for all library internet pc's hence
the hike in hits
10.9 Leave costs unable to be included
Kingston Information & Library Service
4. & 5. Resources and acquisitions include 5,734
new items being held for Patterson Lakes
library which was not yet open.
Expenditure also includes all money spent
on new items for Patterson Lakes although
some items were still to be processed.
Latrobe City Library Service
1.
Memberships : the last scheduled deletion
occurred in July 2007
Goulburn Valley Regional Library Corporation
27
6.
10.
Number of database searches does not
include those sessions accessed through
the Library catalogue which are combined
within the total of the SWIFT Consortium
Library staff are derived from two separate
teams. The Library team consists of 4
fulltime and 3 part-time staff. The team
primarily responsible for counter work is
the Community Information Centre team,
and the library is allocated 7 EFT from a
pool of 29 staff
Maribyrnong Library Service
2.2
Visits to Static Branches. This figure is
down from previous years as in the past
we had included virtual visits here. 200809 includes only door count figures.
4.35 Reference Expenditure INCLUDES cost of
Online Databases (Gulliver, Bruce, etc.)as in previous survey.
4.5
Expenditure is cost of spend plus 25% for
in-house processing and shelf ready costs.
6.12 Database hits - We used the Gulliver
Consortium statistics for this - it does not
include OPAC hits - just subscribed Online
Databases.
9.7
Counted ONLY hits to Library Home page
on Council Website. Does not include hits
to OPAC.
10.5 Number of all work experience students
and placements (work for dole etc) for the
year - this is NOT EFT.
Melbourne Library Service
1.2
Estimated residential population: City of
Melbourne ERP at June 2009 is 89,759.
1.3
Area square km includes Kensington/North
Melbourne boundary change = 37.6sqkm
2.5-2.7Refers to Docklands Hub;
2.20 Does not include individual home library
members who are residing in institutions.
3.5
Does not include active members who use
membership to access library computers.
This is not recorded on the Library
Management System as a transaction.
4.
Collection - Print Material: Total collection print material. I think the figures for
Acquisitions and Expenditure have been
highlighted because it seems like a high
cost for that many items. That is because
of the 25-40% oncost (it varies) for full
shelf-ready supply.
10.7 Part-time staff includes pool of customer
service library officers but does not include
pool of shelvers employed through
recruitment agencies;
10.8 Shelvers only as City of Melbourne does
not employ casual staff - these are
included in 10.7.
11.2 $650,000 Library Collections, $49,959
Library Equipment, $230,749 Integrated
Library Management System replacement
and associated works, $30,740 East
Melbourne Library modifications, $42,967
City Library redesign.
11.3 State Government Grants - Recurrent and
operating: Includes $165,000 for City
Library extended weekend hours.
28
11.4
$80,000 City Library Living Libraries
(expended), $80,000 North Melbourne
Library Living Libraries (not expended).
11.6 Fees/fines $114,374 fines, $42,444 room
hire, $47,827 misc fees.
11.8 CAE FASA 11.10 Library materials
expenditure includes book and non-book
collections ($650,000), Premiers Reading
Challenge ($8,160), Magazines ($76,645)
and Newspapers ($8,632).
11.11 Capital works expenditure includes City
Library redesign ($122,967), Equipment
replacement ($75,050), Integrated Library
management System
replacement($165,589), North Melbourne
RFID ($65,160), East Melbourne Library
modifications ($30,740).
Melton Library & Information Service
5.21-5.25 Expenditure for playstations games and
also Electronic database subscriptions
including Gulliver counted here. Sports
Library included here. Only includes items
added to the catalogue this financial year.
Circulation statistics for Electronic
databases counted elsewhere (Item 6.12)
5.9
No loans recorded for Family History CD.
Only used within the library
6.
Unable to separate out the Reference and
other non loanable material from the totals
for 6.6, 6.7, 6.8 Only acquired e-books at
end of June 2009 so usuage is very low.
7.
No separate figures for loans or
expenditure are available for Children and
teenage magazines, or LOTE newspapers.
7.11 LOTE newspapers are purchased for use
within the library only, hence no circulation
figures.
9.3
Bookings are normally made in 1 hour
blocks, but, subject to availability, an
additional half hour can be booked by
users each day.
9.7
Hits to the home page of the library service
are only counted, not additional hits direct
to specific library web pages.
10.4 This included a significant contribution by
an unpaid return to work volunteer, which
would not normally be available to the
library service.
11.8 Includes income from sale of service to
Caroline Springs College at Caroline
Springs Library.
Mildura Rural City Council Library Service
4.39 Items are games for the Literary Collection
and loan statistics are included in 4.14.
7.1
Children's and Young Adult subscriptions,
copies, loans and expenditure are included
with the adult figures
Mitchell Shire Library & Information Service
1.
Currently provide sale of service to
Macedon Ranges Shire for the Romsey
Library
Monash Public Library Service
4.
Figures for Resources, Acquisitions.
Discards, Loans and Expenditure for
periodicals are included at Other Print
Material.
9.6
9.7
Number of Wifi session hours; new
question, log not maintained.
Total hits is 7,578,699. The number of
distinct hosts we logged accessing our site
was 159,123. The number of visits to the
website would be somewhere between
these two figures.
Moonee Valley Library Service
5.
CD Rom - 2 Acquisitions - no expenditure
due to donations. CD Music - currently not
offered within library service
9.
Website statistics not inclusive of
catalogue searches
Moreland City Libraries
2.22 Figure provided is hours per week.
3.1
Current version of Spydus does not allow
archiving of borrowers.
6.6-6.8Unable to provide this data.
7.5-7.8Children and young adult breakdown not
available.
8.7
Not all figures for outreach programs were
collected and this figure does not include
involvement in local community festivals.
9.3
Unable to provide this data.
10.5 There were 4 local work experience and 2
library student placements.
11.13 The depreciation amount of $672,377 has
not been included in the
'Income/contribution from Council (11.1).
Therefore there is a discrepancy equal to
this amount between Total income (11.9)
and Total expenditure (11.15).
Mornington Peninsula Library
2.7
No stats collected
11.
Capital Works equals cost of Capitalisation
- staff wages, electricity, HR on-costs, IT
costs, etc.
Murrindindi Library Service
Over 40% of the Shire of Murrindindi was
affected by the Black Saturday Bushfires in
February 2009. The library service did not
loose infrastructure of buildings or vehicles.
Approximately 800 library items were
destroyed in homes.
Statistics recorded in the 2008/9 annual
return do not reflect the normal operation
of a small single council library service.
The focus for the period February to June,
and possibly for the coming two years, will
not be on developing a balanced stock and
encouraging loans.
In the recent months Murrindindi's libraries
have provided a haven of familiarity,
consistency and normality at a time when
everything else in people's live may be in
chaos. Visiting the libraries provides an
opportunity to switch off, connect with
others and chat. Relocated families have
the opportunity to make connections and
ease their way into a new life and a new
community.
The focus for the libraries will be to
continue to build opportunities for people to
connect. Funding from the Victorian
Bushfire Relief fund has been received to
develop library programs across the Shire.
Programs will be developed across 10
small communities during the 2009/10
year.
Port Phillip Library Service
Stonnington Library & Information Service
4.
All Children and YA expenditure included
in 4.10
5.
LOTE AV (CD, CD-Rom, DVDs and
Videos) have been counted in this section.
Pedometers have been included in other
non-print material.
6.
Where number of searches couldn't be
supplied, full text retrievals figures have
been used. Total number of full-text
retrievals reported in 6.11
7.
Comics have been included in
subscriptions.
11.3 Recurrent grant $536,157
11.4 Capital grants: Living libraries, Premiers
reading challenge, wireless internet(75%)
of total
Swan Hill Regional Library Service
4.36 Local History and archives collections
7.1
Adult and children’s combined
10.2 NSW branch library staff have not been
included in this figure or Swan Hill's budget
as they are paid directly by Wakool Shire.
EFT for NSW staff is 0.9
11.3 Includes 1/3 of Buloke's share of Premiers
Reading Challenge
Upper Murray Regional Library
2.21 & 2.22 No data available
5.11-5.15 Special Music Collection provided for
Albury Library by Albury City Council
8.7 & 8.8 Outreach data included in program
totals - will be separated for next year
9.
All PCs are connected to the internet only
4 are dedicated OPACs
Wellington Shire Library
West Gippsland Regional Library Corporation
4.36 Includes all NSC materials
4.37 & 4.40 Includes Friends purchases and
expenditures for collection
4.37 & 4.4 Figure includes WG and Friends
purchases
6.3
This figure does not include magazine
issue discards
6.6-6.8 West Gippsland owned figures only
(Neerim South College collection not
included)
6.12 Full text retrievals have been given as
WGRLC do not keep statistics on searches
6.14 Figures include Swift items sent on intralibrary loan to other Swift Libraries as well
as normal ILLs
6.16 Figures include Swift items received on
intra library loan from other Swift libraries
8.
Program sessions are ascertained by
looking at actual sessions where
participants attended a program/event in a
group or allotted time. Additional
'programs' were run throughout the year,
29
however no physical attendance was
required.
11.12 relates to 10.10 not 3.12.
Whitehorse Manningham Regional Library
Corporation
4.39 Wonga Park Loans; 4.5 Does not include
shelf ready costs
5.19 Loan period for DVDs increased from 1
week to 3 weeks;
5.25 Electronic resources
6.6, 6.7 & 6.8 Unable to provide figures due to
new LMS March 2006
Wimmera Regional Library Corporation
1.2
Population based on 42.8% of Buloke =
2,988+50,920
4.36 Unformatted Stock
4.38 Informatted Discards,
4.39 Unformatted loans including from other
Swift libraries,
4.40 PRC $35,904 & Discretionary $10,738
expenditure
5.25 Expenditure on electronic resources
(databases etc)
7.14 Serial copies only, excludes newspaper
copies
Wyndham City Library Service
4.
Expenditure for each category includes
cost of purchasing items for Point Cook
Library. Majority of items purchased for
Point Cook Library are not included in total
item count in each category.
5.25 Figure of $ expended on electronic
databases included here.
9.
For question 9.7 we used a Google
Analytics widget placed on the Library
Home page
(www.wyndham.vic.gov.au/libraries) to
track data.
Also, please note that the question no
longer asks for hits on the Library
Catalogue so these have not been
provided.
10.
Number of qualified Library Technicians 3.1 EFT
11.10 Commenced purchasing stock for new
library at Point Cook - expended $853,269
on items for new library. These items were
not circulating in this period.
11.13 Depreciation recorded at corporate level,
not allocated to program areas.
Yarra Libraries
4.
Expenditure includes outsourced
cataloguing and end-processing costs
4.5
Includes adult non-fiction purchased
through Ewing trust
4.10 Includes junior non-fiction purchased
through Ewing trust
4.31 Includes local history items
4.37 Includes 'undefined' items added to the
system
5.
Expenditure includes outsourced
cataloguing and end-processing costs
5.20 Includes all AV purchased through Ewing
trust
6.13 Figure includes items sent to other libraries
+ items listed as 'Not Supplied' in LAD
30
7.1
Childrens serials figures included in Adult
7.2 & 7.10 Figures do not include newspaper
copies
8.7 & 8.8 Data also included in programs totals in
8.1-8.6
9.4
Data not available
9.6
Wireless sessions no need to book
9.7
Counts hits, not individual visits
10.7 Includes Casuals
Yarra Plenty Regional Library Service
1.2
Figure used in 2007/08 survey was
population for 2007
2.10 This figure does not include visits to the
Outreach Services Vehicle, which visits 38
institutes.
2.19 These institutes are visited by the
Outreach Service Vehicle, not by Home
Library Service. Each institute is visited 16
times per year.
3.4
Membership file is cleared monthly of
inactive users in past two years
4.
Adult Fiction - includes paperbacks;
4.5
Expenditure - includes cost of items only;
doesn't include shelf ready costs;
Children's & Young Adults Fiction includes ES and picture books;
4.8
Included in adult fiction discards;
4.13 includes Junior Non-Fiction;
4.18 Included in Adult Non-Fiction; Lote includes audio visual and magazines;
Reference - includes Local History and
Genealogy; Other print material magazines
5.7
Included in dvd figures;
5.8
Included in dvd figures;
5.17 Includes CD & CDRom;
5.18 Includes CD & CDRom
7.
Children and Young Adult - included in
Adult
Vision Australia Information Library Service
1.1
VAILS serves all councils
1.2
Population from ABS print disability
2.4
Number of visits to Kooyong location.
2.5
Other service facilities include phone
service for library clients
2.7
Number of calls received by library service
2.20 Number of clients that books are delivered
to via post
3.2
We are removing institutional membership.
4.31 Reference print books
4.35 Expenditure includes subscriptions to
online reference resources and books
4.45 Expenditure for print reference material
and Reference print books. Reference print
materials are the only print materials
included in this section as library holdings
consist mostly of alternate formats.
6.9
Book downloads from i-access ® Online.
6.11 Magazine and Newspapers from i-access
® Online and Full text downloads from
databases.
8.7
Ongoing radio show and newsletter plus elist
8.8
Approximate number of subscribers to
newsletter and e-list.
Indicators
31
40
Summary of Statistics
41
44
Annual Survey Questionnaire
45