Chapter 4
Student: _________________________________________________________
1. Which of the following organelles would only be found within a cell that was both eukaryotic and
autotrophic?
A. mitochondria
B. ribosomes
C. rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. chloroplast
2. After being formed by the ribosmes located on the endoplasmic reticulum, what is the next organelle to
which a protein could be transported?
A. mitochondria
B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
D. nucleus
3. Which of the following help direct the movement of materials or organelles throughout the cell?
A. rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. cytoskeleton
C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. all of the choices are true
4. Which is NOT true about the cell theory?
A. Its various parts were described by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.
B. It states that all organisms are composed of cells.
C. It states that all cells come from preexisting cells.
D. It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously.
E. It is accepted today by biologists as applying to virtually all forms of life.
5. As they flow over rotten logs as a fluid sheet, slime molds appear to lack any partitioning into cell units;
however, slime molds do become cellular when they change form to produce spores. And the surface of some
parasitic flatworms and some insect tissues are a "syncytium" or layer of living material that contains many
nuclei and cell organelles but lacks partitioning by cell membranes. These tissues consume food and produce
wastes. In light of the cell theory that "all living things are composed of cells," then
A. these tissues are not living because they are not cellular.
B. these tissues are obviously a bridge between nonliving and primitive living cells.
C. the general concept of life-is-cellular still holds because these organisms still utilize cells sometime in their
life, but this shows that cell membrane partitions can be abandoned.
D. this proves that a "vital force" beyond cell chemistry can give life to substances.
E. All of the choices are true.
6. Which is NOT a reason for the small size of cells?
A. As the linear dimensions of a cell increase, the volume increases twice as fast as the surface area.
B. Nutrients and wastes must enter and leave the cell through the plasma membrane.
C. The nucleus can only control a certain amount of cytoplasm.
D. The increased number of organelles requires that eukaryotic cells be smaller than prokaryotic cells.
E. Materials must be able to move quickly and efficiently through the cytoplasm.
7. A high-powered microscope that produces an image from scattered secondary electrons is the
A. immunofluorescence microscope.
B. bright-field light microscope.
C. transmission electron microscope (TEM).
D. scanning electron microscope (SEM).
E. confocal microscope.
8. A microscope that uses antibodies that glow to reveal the location of a protein in a cell is the
A. immunofluorescence microscope.
B. bright-field light microscope.
C. transmission electron microscope (TEM).
D. scanning electron microscope (SEM).
E. confocal microscope.
9. A microscope used to observe living cells and organelles by contrasting the phase differences so that some
regions appear brighter is the
A. immunofluorescence microscope.
B. phase contrast light microscope.
C. transmission electron microscope (TEM).
D. scanning electron microscope (SEM).
E. confocal microscope.
10. Which statement is NOT true about bacteria?
A. Their cell wall is made of a slime layer that is the same as in plant cell walls.
B. Some are photosynthetic.
C. Some are motile due to flagella.
D. They are all prokaryotes.
E. They have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan.
11. Which statement is NOT true about bacterial anatomy?
A. The cell wall is located outside of the plasma membrane.
B. The glycocalyx sheath is located inside the cell wall.
C. There may be small rings of accessory DNA called plasmids.
D. Bacteria may have fimbriae that help attach the bacteria to other structures.
12. An amino sugar called N-acetylmuramic acid is an important building block of the cell wall of some
bacteria. Penicillin prevents this amino sugar from being incorporated into the bacterial cell wall. Therefore,
A. penicillin affects bacteria but not eukaryotes because eukaryotic cell walls are different.
B. bacterial cells that had already formed their cell walls would be unaffected.
C. penicillin would stop the growth of active colonies of susceptible bacteria.
D. All of the choices are correct.
13. Most bacteria live in a solution that is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm of the bacteria. The cell wall of a
bacterium is a peptidoglycan polymer that is tightly cross-linked. This would therefore function to
A. regulate the flow of most molecules into and out of the bacterial cell.
B. provide a rigid wall that prevents the cell from swelling.
C. provide a rigid wall that prevents the cell from shrinking.
D. confirm a close relationship to plant cells that have a similar structure and live in hypotonic solutions.
E. make all bacteria fairly uniform in metabolic chemistry.
14. Which term is based on the Greek root words for "before" and "kernel"?
A. peptidoglycan.
B. eukaryote.
C. nucleolus.
D. prokaryote.
E. nucleus.
15. Which is NOT true of eukaryotic cells?
A. A true nucleus contains the chromosomes.
B. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded compartments.
C. They contain ribosomes that are smaller than those of prokaryotic cells.
D. They all contain mitochondria.
E. They contain many organelles in the cytoplasm.
16. Cells that do NOT produce cell walls are
A. animal cells.
B. plant cells.
C. bacteria.
D. prokaryotic cells.
17. The Greek root word that means "true kernel" is
A. prokaryote.
B. eukaryote.
C. nucleolus.
D. nucleoid.
E. nucleus.
18. Which of the following is NOT offered as evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory, the belief that a
eukaryotic cell has evolved as a "committee" of prokaryotic cells?
A. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size and structure to some species of bacteria.
B. The ribosomes of chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar to eubacteria.
C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts can actively break away from eukaryotic cells and live on their own.
D. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA coding separate from the eukaryotic nucleus.
E. All of the choices offer support of the endosymbiotic theory.
19. A eukaryotic organelle that can best be seen with the light microscope is the
A. endoplasmic reticulum.
B. nucleus.
C. ribosome.
D. polyribosome.
E. microtubule.
20. The nucleus is NOT important as the site of
A. DNA synthesis.
B. RNA synthesis.
C. synthesis of ribosomal subunits.
D. protein synthesis.
21. Cell biologists have introduced radioactively labeled carbohydrates, fats and amino acids to living cells,
allowed time for cell metabolism, and then disrupted the cells in a blender and separated out the various cell
organelles from the cytoplasm. They found the radioactive molecules could soon be detected as part of various
cellular compounds, although the visible cell structures appeared unchanged. This leads us to conclude that
A. these "food" molecules are used only for energy.
B. most cell components are constantly being broken down and rebuilt.
C. radioactivity was transferred from the introduced molecules to the resident stable molecules.
D. molecules diffuse at random through the cytoplasm and into cell organelles.
E. radioactivity has an unusual role in metabolism of living cells.
22. Which is a true statement about ribosomes?
A. Ribosomes contain DNA and protein.
B. Ribosomes are active in carbohydrate synthesis.
C. Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus.
D. Polyribosomes are the subunits of ribosomes.
E. Ribosomes are only found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in prokaryotic cells.
23. Which of these is NOT part of the endomembrane system of the cell?
A. mitochondria
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. lysosomes
D. Golgi complex
24. The Greek root word that means "net" and "within" is
A. prokaryote.
B. eukaryote.
C. cytoplasmic.
D. nucleoid.
E. endoplasmic.
25. Which is NOT true concerning the Golgi complex?
A. It consists of a stack of saccules.
B. Golgi complexes in animal cells have an inner face and an outer face.
C. Molecules are modified within the lumen of Golgi saccules.
D. Lysosomes are vesicles that bind to enter the Golgi saccules.
E. Golgi apparatus contains enzymes.
26. The springtail is a very common small insect that lives in rotten logs, rich soil, and other humid places. Its
cuticle is water repelling (hydrophobic) except for a strange organ, the collophore, on its ventral side. Because it
lacks the excretory organs of other insects, the springtail has this organ in contact with the water (it is
responsible for ion balance and secretion of wastes). If we examined the cell structure of this collophore, we
would expect to find a high number of
A. nuclei.
B. ribosomes.
C. Golgi bodies.
D. lysosomes.
E. centrioles.
27. Each time the water in a cell freezes slowly, long sharp crystals spear through the membrane structures of
the cell. However, in the frozen state, virtually no chemical reactions occur. The most likely explanation for the
bad taste of meat that has "freezer burn" from repeated freezing is the destruction of
A. the Golgi bodies and their vesicles.
B. lysosomes and resultant autodigestion.
C. rough endoplasmic reticulum causing the release of ribosomes.
D. ribosomes causing them to break into subunits.
E. the nuclear membrane causing mixing of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.
28. Lysosomes are produced by the
A. vacuoles.
B. nucleus.
C. mitochondria.
D. Golgi apparatus.
E. ribosomes.
29. Membrane-bounded vesicles that contain enzymes for oxidizing small organic molecules with the formation
of hydrogen peroxide are
A. vacuoles.
B. vesicles.
C. glyoxisomes.
D. lysosomes.
E. peroxisomes.
30. Large membranous sacs that are more prevalent in plant cells and some protozoa than in animal cells are
called
A. vacuoles.
B. vesicles.
C. glyoxisomes.
D. lysosomes.
E. peroxisomes.
31. Which is NOT a characteristic of chloroplasts?
A. A chloroplast is surrounded by a double membrane.
B. Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy that is used to form chemical bonds.
C. A membrane inside a chloroplast is called a thylakoid.
D. Stacks called grana are linked by membranous connections.
E. Chlorophylls are found in the fluid stroma of the chloroplast.
32. Which is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria?
A. A mitochondrion has two membranes.
B. Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration.
C. Mitochondria are found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
D. Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes.
E. The inner space of the mitochondrion contains a fluid matrix.
33. Which cytoskeletal element is NOT correctly associated with its characteristic?
A. Cilia are small extensions of membrane-surrounded microtubules.
B. Microtubules are made up of a globular protein called tubulin.
C. Centrioles are found in the microtubule organizing centers of plants.
D. Flagella have a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubule structure.
E. Basal bodies are located at the base of cilia and flagella.
34. Actin filaments are
A. also known as microtubules.
B. able to assemble and disassemble from component proteins.
C. found in the center of flagella and cilia.
D. intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments.
E. made of different kinds of components in different tissues.
35. The Greek root word that means "center" is the main root for
A. prokaryote.
B. eukaryote.
C. centriole.
D. cilia.
E. nucleus.
36. The cells that line our respiratory tract, and one-celled paramecia both have these short hair-like projections.
A. flagella
B. microfilaments
C. centrioles
D. cilia
E. pili
37. From your knowledge of the size of cell components and the process of centrifugation, what is the order
(from first to last) that the nucleus and organelles will be extracted?
A. ribosomes–mitochondria and chloroplasts–nucleus–soluble cytoplasm
B. nucleus–mitochondria and chloroplasts–ribosomes–soluble cytoplasm
C. nucleus–mitochondria and chloroplasts–soluble cytoplasm–ribosomes
D. mitochondria and chloroplasts–nucleus–soluble cytoplasm–ribosomes
E. soluble cytoplasm–ribosomes–mitochondria and chloroplasts–nucleus
38. To best preserve the enzymes of a cell when we cut a cell apart in a blender to separate the organelles, the
solution should be
A. warm and acidic.
B. warm and basic.
C. cold and neutral.
D. The temperature and pH does not matter.
39. From your knowledge of the function of lysosomes, the pH of lysosomes is likely to be
A. highly variable.
B. 5.
C. precisely neutral or 7.
D. 9.
E. 12.
40. Functions of a microscope that permit the sharpest view of an organism include(s) which of the following?
A. resolution
B. contrast
C. magnification
D. All of the choices are correct.
41. Prokaryotes are characterized by all of the following structures EXCEPT
A. a nucleoid.
B. inclusion bodies.
C. mitochondria.
D. mesosomes.
42. Without a cytoskeleton, eukaryotic cells would NOT
A. synthesize protein.
B. have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another.
C. have an efficient means of metabolism.
D. communicate with adjacent cells.
43. All of the following are parts of plant cells EXCEPT
A. centrioles.
B. mitochondria.
C. chloroplasts.
D. cell walls.
44. The organelle of the endomembrane system associated with the sorting of lipids and proteins for various
cellular functions are
A. rough endoplasmic reticula.
B. lysosomes.
C. vesicles.
D. Golgi apparati.
45. Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles? the
A. rough endoplasmic reticula
B. mitochondria
C. Golgi apparati
D. ribosomes
46. The plant cell's central vacuole
A. provides the plant cell with support.
B. stores nutrients and cellular waste products.
C. is a reservoir for water.
D. All of the choices are correct.
47. Of the following, which is NOT associated with the mitochondria?
A. ATP productions
B. cristae
C. stroma
D. matrix
48. Mitochondria have an inner membrane system called thylakoid membranes.
True False
49. As the size of a cell increases, so does it's surface-to-volume ratio.
True False
50. Cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
True False
51. A cell is the smallest unit of living matter.
True False
52. All cells have a cell wall that regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell.
True False
53. The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is located in the nucleoid region.
True False
54. The cytoplasm is the fluid that bathes the structures that are located in the cell.
True False
55. Ribosomes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
True False
56. Bacteria and algae are prokaryotic cells.
True False
57. Prokaryotic cells are about half the size of eukaryotic cells, on average.
True False
58. Bacterial and eukaryotic flagella have the same structure made of microtubules.
True False
59. The endoplasmic reticulum is a membranous system that is continuous with the nuclear envelope.
True False
60. Peroxisomes are abundant in cells that metabolize lipids or alcohol.
True False
61. Chloroplasts are found in plants but not in bacteria.
True False
62. Mitochondria are thought to be derived from photosynthetic bacteria that became part of the eukaryotic cell
through endosymbiosis.
True False
63. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to reproduce independently from the division of the cell.
True False
64. Actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules compose the cytoskeleton.
True False
65. A cytoskeleton is found in prokaryotic cells.
True False
66. Describe the three parts of the cell theory, and explain how this concept is related to the principle of
evolution.
67. Describe several major differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
68. Distinguish between a nucleus and a nucleoid, telling where each is found and what each contains.
69. Describe the structure and function of a ribosome, and tell how they differ between prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.
70. Describe the various portions of the endomembrane system, giving the function of each part.
71. Diffusion should result in a fairly even distribution of cell components. Proteins may be produced in
ribosomes, but they are often further modified and delivered to other specific locations and are not spread
around evenly. How does this happen?
72. Describe the structure and function of chloroplasts and mitochondria.
73. Explain the endosymbiotic theory and the lines of evidence that support it.
74. Describe the structure of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells, and contrast that with the structure of flagella
in prokaryotic cells.
75. Describe three kinds of cytoskeletal elements in eukaryotic cells.
76. A kitchen blender severely disrupts the organization that allows cells to carry on the chemical machinery of
"life." How does a living cell maintain the correct working structure that gives it both its external and internal
"shape" and also partitions cell organelles for proper functioning?
Chapter 4 KEY
1. D
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. D
13. B
14. D
15. C
16. A
17. B
18. C
19. B
20. D
21. B
22. C
23. A
24. E
25. D
26. C
27. B
28. D
29. E
30. A
31. E
32. C
33. C
34. B
35. C
36. D
37. B
38. C
39. B
40. D
41. C
42. B
43. A
44. D
45. C
46. D
47. C
48. FALSE
49. FALSE
50. TRUE
51. TRUE
52. FALSE
53. TRUE
54. TRUE
55. TRUE
56. FALSE
57. FALSE
58. FALSE
59. TRUE
60. TRUE
61. TRUE
62. FALSE
63. TRUE
64. TRUE
65. FALSE
66. Answers will vary.
67. Answers will vary.
68. Answers will vary.
69. Answers will vary.
70. Answers will vary.
71. Answers will vary.
72. Answers will vary.
73. Answers will vary.
74. Answers will vary.
75. Answers will vary.
76. Answers will vary.