ORGANELLE NOTES
Just to make sure everyone has the same info
ORGANELLE


A part of the cell with a specific job that is
necessary for the cell to stay alive
A lot like an organ in a person, but smaller and
inside a cell not a person.
List of required organelles

To get a C in class you need to know:

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Cytoplasm

ribosomes

Cell wall - (only in plants)

Chloroplasts – (only in plants)

To get an A in class you should also include
these

Endoplasmic reticulum

Rough and smooth

Golgi apparatus

Lysosome

Vacuoles
Cell membrane


The cell membrane's jobs are:

to keep everything else inside the cell

To decide what can diffuse into the cell
So the cell membrane is like a screened in
porch: keeping the people inside, the bugs
outside, but letting helpful stuff like air and a
breeze pass through.
NUCLEUS

The nucleus's jobs are to:

Keep the DNA safe

To control other parts of the cells



Sends copies of DNA like little messengers with
instructions
All plant and animal cells have a nucleus but
bacteria cells don't need one
The nucleus is the control center of the cell
MITOCHONDRIA

The job of the mitochondria is:



To break down nutrients and create energy for the
cell.
Cells that need more energy have more
mitochondria
The mitochondria is like the power-plant of the
cell, providing the rest of the cell with energy
CYTOPLASM

The cytoplasm is the goo that fills up the cell

The jobs of the cytoplasm are:



Keep all the organelles in place
Allow the stuff moving between the organelles to
travel
The cytoplasm is like the water in the fish tank;
it keeps all the plants and scenery where it
belongs but allows the fish to move around.
Ribosomes

The job of the ribosomes is:

To create proteins


Proteins are the building blocks of many other things
inside the cells
So ribosomes are like brick factories, they make
the stuff that everything else is built with
CELL WALL – plants only

The hard outer shell in a plant cell

The jobs of the cell wall are:


Give the cell structure and support

Protect the cell
Cell walls are like our classroom walls. They
protect what is inside and help give structure to
the physical shape of the room.
CHLOROPLAST – plants only

Chloroplasts are what make plant leaves green

The job of the chloroplast is:

To carry out photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is taking sunlight and creating sugar,
which will later be used as food
POWER-UP
11/14
Tell me the FUNCTIONS AND NAMES of the 2
plant only organelles
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Abbreviated as ER
There are 2 types:
–
Smooth ER
–
Rough ER
SMOOTH ER
The smooth ER's functions are:
- to make fats (lipids)
- to help the cell contract (like what your muscles do)
They are like a crisco factory and the gym that you
have to go to because of all the crisco.
ROUGH ER
The rough endoplasmic reticulum's functions are:
- stores most of the ribosomes
- gets the ribosomes the materials for making proteins
- sends the proteins on their way after they are made
So it is like the delivery trucks for the ribosomes
GOLGI APPARATUS
The function of the golgi apparatus is:
- to package and send anything made in the cell to its
destination
It is like the post office or mail-room of the cell
LYSOSOME
The function of a lysosome is:
- to break down harmful things in the cell and dispose
of them
They are like the garbage men of the cell, getting
rid of the trash.
VACUOLE
The functions of a vacuole is:
- to store WATER for the cell
- to store nutrients for the cell
Vacuoles are bigger in plant cells than in animal
cells but they are in both
Vacuoles are like the water towers of the cell
EXIT TICKET
11/14
TELL ME THE FUNCTIONS OF 2 OF THE
ORGANELLES WE LEARNED ABOUT TODAY.