Chapter 4
Egypt
Name: _________________________
Nile River
Mediterranean Sea
Nile River Delta
Alexandria
Giza
Sahara Desert
Thebes
Memphis
Arabia
Red Sea
Cairo
Valley of the Kings
Key Vocabulary
Nile River
Delta
cataracts
basin
shadoof
Section :1 The Nile
 Flows ____________________________ 4,145 miles from the mountains of central
_____________________ to the Mediterranean Sea
 The Nile cuts a green fertile ____________________________ through the desert
 The Nile branches into the sea near the _________________________________
 Most ancient Egyptians lived in this area
 Egypt was protected from _________________________________ for many years
because of where it is located geographically
 It is surrounded by ____________________________, bordered by the Mediterranean
Sea, and has several cataracts located along the Nile
 Every July, the Nile would __________________________________ and the river
would overflow its banks
 As the waters receded, rich ________________________________ was left in its place
 Farmers planted the crops when the soil was still _______________________
 During the dry season- Egyptians dug out __________________________ by using a
shadoof
 Egyptians raised _________________________, ______________________,
________________________, and ____________________________
Ticket out the Door:
How did the Nile River influence the Egyptians?
Nile River
Section :2 The Old Kingdom
•
____________________________ also known as Narmer (king of upper Egypt) led his
armies into lower Egypt and married one of the princesses, uniting Egypt into 1 kingdom-
•
Menes was called Lord of Upper and Lower Egypt, Wearer of 2 Crowns, and Lord of the
2 Lands
•
His capital was ______________________________ which bordered both upper and
lower Egypt
•
Menes wore a ______________________ and ______________________ crown to
symbolize both united kingdoms
•
Was the ________________________ pharaoh of Egypt
•
Pharaoh means “The Great House”
•
2600 B.C. Old Kingdom established
•
Kingdom lasted __________________________ years
•
During old kingdom- cities became centers of __________________________ and
___________________________
•
Kings, priests, government officials, and artisans lived there
•
Some Egyptians lived along the Nile River on large _______________________.
•
A _______________________ was made up of the owner’s family, servants, and artisans
•
_____________________________ were hired to make things for the family like boats
and weave linen cloth
•
Most were _________________________ who lived in villages within the estates
•
Used sun-baked, mud bricks as building materials
•
Farmers worked in _____________________________ and tended cattle
•
Made repairs to ________________________, built monuments, and dug ditches
•
At first Egyptian rulers were called kings
•
Later they were called Pharaoh
•
The pharaoh was a ________________________, a ______________________, and a
__________________________
•
He was at the ___________________________ of Egyptian life- ruling on earth as gods
ruled in heaven
Ticket Out the Door
Give one Get one: What did Egyptians think happened to a person
after death? (Write down your answer and your partner’s answer)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Section :3 The Middle Kingdom

Government officials took over Egypt because they were ___________________ of
Pharaoh's power

Egypt in a state of ___________________ for 200 years

New pharaohs restore _____________________ and _____________________ to Egypt

New pharaohs have __________________ power than under the old kingdom

Pharaohs no longer buried in __________________________, they were buried in tombs
cut out of cliffs

Egyptians start _______________________ with countries beyond Nile River

Middle Kingdom period ends in 1786 B.C. when Egypt is successfully
_________________

_______________________ are invaders from western Asia

Have horse drawn _______________________ that allow them to cross the desert

Used weapons made of ______________________ and _____________________

Egyptians easily _____________________________ because they fought on foot and
had weapons of copper and stone

Hyksos were not popular with the Egyptians- they resented being controlled by foreign
powers

Hyksos had greater skills in _________________ and weapons than the Egyptians

Hyksos ruled in Egypt for __________________ years

1550 B. C. an Egyptian rebellion drove the Hyksos out of Egypt

Egyptians, as result of being ruled by another nation, became more
____________________________ to their neighbors, expanded their borders, and
developed a well trained army to protect them.
Ticket out the Door
Compare the power of the pharaohs in the Old Kingdom and the
Middle Kingdom
Power of Pharoahs
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
Section :4 The New Kingdom

When Ahmose drove the Hyksos out of Egypt- the ___________________________
began around 1550 B.C.

During this time Egypt ________________ in wealth and cities grew larger

Egyptian _________________________ develops during this period- Egyptian control
spreads into Syria and Palestine

______________________________- Woman Pharaoh of Egypt

She built _________________________ and established ___________________ along
the eastern coast of Africa

Traded for _________________________ such as ebony, monkeys, hunting dogs,
leopard skins, incense

Capital city of ____________________________- city that worshiped Amon

Egyptians combined Amon with Ra and a new god was formed
____________________________- most powerful god of all

Temples were more than houses of ___________________- industrial centers, and
schools

__________________________ wrote religious spells, charms, and prayers

Several kinds of writing- most prominent was _____________________________
(pictures stand for words or sounds)

The ______________________________ of Amon-Ra gained power and wealth, owned
1/3 of Egypt’s land and had a role in the government

The pharaoh's power began to ________________________

Akhenaton closed temples of Amon-Ra and set up a new religion of worship of 1 god
____________________ (the sun disc)

This religion was not widely accepted by all Egyptians

______________________________________ (Tut) became pharaoh and reestablished
the old religion.

He was pharaoh for 9 years until he died _____________________________________

Egypt _________________ power because of the struggle between the priests and the
pharaohs

Egypt was unable to keep neighboring countries under their control

Money was spent on war

Other countries were using iron for weapons and Egypt had no iron ore resources so they
had to spend money to make these weapons

By 1150 B.C. Egypt’s ___________________________ is ________________________

Egypt was taken over by the Assyrians in 671 B.C.
Ticket out the Door
Which Egyptian Pharaoh contributed most to Egyptian civilization? (circle one)
Thutmose III,
Hatshepsut
Amenhotep IV
Tutankhamen
Why? _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Section :5 Contributions
The Egyptians made many contributions to civilizations.
 _________________________________- paper made from reeds.
 Ink
 Papyrus was made into ________________________ and _________________________
 Mathematics: Number system based on the number _______________
 Used ________________________ and ________________________ numbers
 Used geometry to survey the land
– Made a ________________________ based on when the Nile flooded every year
 Calendar had 3 ________________________ of 120 days, and 5 feast days for the Gods
 ______________________________:- 1st to specialize in medicine
 _______________________, eye doctors, animal doctors, _________________________
 First to use _____________________, ________________________, compresses
 Sewed up cuts and set broken bones
 Treated indigestion with castor oil and also treated hair loss
 Jewelry made of ______________________________
 Wore ______________________ for special occasions- most had shaved heads or very
short hair. Used henna as hair dye, nail polish, and other cosmetics
 Used ________________________ to keep skin soft and eye make-up (Kohl)
 Linen garments
 Children shaved their heads also- but left one ___________________ of hair hanging
down by their ear
 People worked as farmers, soldiers, ______________________, artisans,
_______________________, priests, government jobs such as viziers, palace
_________________, fan bearers, and scribes
 Ancient Egyptians of Old and Middle Kingdoms didn’t go to war until the New Kingdom
period.
 At this time Egypt had wheeled ________________________ and the
_____________________________ _________________
 The army was made up of those who were drafted, professional Egyptian soldiers, and
foreign mercenaries under the command of a general who answered to the Pharaoh.
Ticket out the Door
Rank the Egyptian contributions from the most important
to least important
most
least