Name: _______________________________ Date: ________________ Block: _____________ Organelle Observations: Cell Lab #1 Background: Cells are the basis for all living things. The smallest living organism is _________ cell big. Anything smaller than one cell is not considered to be living. A cell is protected by a barrier, called the ________________________________. Inside the cell, the __________________ controls all cell activities. The ____________________ is a gel-like liquid that provides support, shape, and transportation within the cell. There are many other organelles that enable the cell to perform very complex activities. Some of these organelles are visible using the _____________________ microscope that we have in class. Other organelles are too small to be seen in our microscopes and are only visible using more powerful microscopes, such as the _________________________________ microscope. Cells can be classified by type, such as prokaryotic or _________________________, or plant or animal cells. These types have specific, identifiable differences that alter the functions and capabilities of the cells. Today, our investigation will focus on identifying the differences and similarities between plant and animal cells. While plant and animal cells are both examples of a eukaryotic cell, there are differences that you should be able to observe in lab. Purpose: To observe various examples of preserved plant and animal cells in order to identify differences between the two cell types and to identify common organelles visible in these specimens. Pre-Lab: 1. The shape of a plant cell is _______________________; the shape of an animal cell is __________________. 2. Plant cells have an extra, rigid layer called the __________________________________. 3. Plant cells contain organelles called _______________________ that enable the cells to make food using sunlight (= photosynthesis) 4. Mitochondria are important to all eukaryotic cells because they provide the cell with __________________. 5. The Golgi body is used in the cell to __________________________________________. 6. The nucleolus is found ___________________________________________. 7. Ribosomes produce __________________________________________. Hypothesis: I think that the main visible difference between plant and animal cells is: _________________________________________________________ Materials: Selected plant and animal specimens Microscope Lens paper Glass slide and coverslip Procedure: 1. After reading the background information and completing all pre-lab questions, carefully get a microscope and take it to your seat. 2. Tear off a small piece of lens paper and clean your eyepiece, objectives, and slides. 3. Obtain a plant or animal specimen (living or preserved) and examine it under low power. DRAW. * Are organelles visible at this magnification? Why or why not? * If so, which organelles are visible? * Can you recognize this specimen as plant or animal from this view? Why/why not? Organelle Observations: Cell Lab 1 1 Name: _______________________________ Date: ________________ Block: _____________ 4. Now, switch the magnification to medium power. The total magnification using this objective is ___________X. * How do the organelles change? * Are any new organelles visible? * Can you identify what you are seeing? Refer to your cell diagrams for help. 5. Switch your microscope to high power (remember to only focus using the fine adjustment knob on high power). The total magnification using this objective is __________________X. DRAW. * How much detail is visible on this power? * How many different organelles are visible? * Why are some organelles not visible even under high power? 6. For each specimen you study, record a colored, labeled, accurately described data page on both LOW and HIGH powers. Refer to your labeled cell diagrams to label the details you see within the cells. Include detailed descriptions – you may answer some of the “*” questions in this section. 7. When lab is complete, return your microscope and all supplies to the appropriate places and clean up your lab station. 8. Answer the post-lab analysis questions and write a Power Conclusion, reflecting upon your hypothesis and comparing the organelles present in plant and animal cells. Data Analysis A: Complete the data table below by identifying at least three (3) DIFFERENCES between plant and animal cells and at least 3 SIMILARITIES that both of these cell types have in common. Animal Cells Plant Cells 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. Similarities 1. 2. 3. 4. Data Analysis B: Comparison: Cell organelles visible in today’s lab vs. cell organelles not able to be seen: Organelles Visible Organelle Observations: Cell Lab 1 Organelles Not Visible 2 Name: _______________________________ Date: ________________ Block: _____________ Post-Lab Analysis Questions: 1. Which microscope objective provided the best view of the cell organelles? _______________________ 2. Explain your reasoning for the answer you provided in #1: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. A “mystery” cell is observed and it contains mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, a nucleus, and a large central vacuole. What cell type is this cell? ___________________________________________ List 2 other unique organelles that would be found in this cell type. ________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why do plant cells need a cell wall? _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why do animal cells lack chloroplasts? ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Compare and contrast the mitochondria and chloroplasts. Consider structure and function. __________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. How do cells remove wastes? ___________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Rank the organelles listed below according to their importance in the cell. Defend your decision with an explanation. List: vacuole, nucleus, Golgi body, mitochondria, cell membrane, lysosome (1 = most important, 6 = least important). ____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Organelle Observations: Cell Lab 1 3 Name: _______________________________ Date: ________________ Block: _____________ 9. Does color play a role in cell identification? _____________________ Why and/or how? __________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Predict what would happen to a cell if all of the mitochondria were removed. ____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11. The lipid bilayer is a complex organelle embedded with proteins. Identify and explain the three types of proteins and give an example of how they may be used in the cell. Protein Type Explanation Example of use in the cell 12. Was the cell membrane visible in today’s cells? _____________ Were phospholipids within the lipid bilayer visible in today’s cells? _________________ Why is there a difference between these two answers? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Organelle Observations: Cell Lab 1 4