Name _________________ Period ______ Date _____
Study Guide for Periodic 3 Assessment and Biology Final!
Periodic 3 Assessment is: _______
Final is: ________
First: Study your notes taken in class from entire year.
Second: Check off as you do the following: (Read sections by
skimming). Write out questions and answers to the following!
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
6.
7.
Read pp 896-904
Do #1-4 on p. 905 and #1-8 and #11-13 on p. 917 See TE
Read pp 206
Do #2-4 on p. 207 and #4-9 on p. 217 See TE
Read pp. 221-225
Do #1-3 on p. 225 See TE
Read pp. 226-229 and pp. 232 (understand this page well)
Do #1-9 on p. 237 See TE
8. What is the body’s largest organ system?
Skin
9. What is the body’s first line of defense
against pathogens?
Skin
10. Make a flow chart of the Nervous System.
See notes
11. What body system produces hormones to
regulate the conditions in the body?
Endocrine
12. What mechanism/process allows hormones
to regulate conditions in the body? Feedback
mechanism
13. Describe the steps that this system uses
to control and regulate conditions in the body.
Feedback loop: body conditions/hormone
levels change/brain signals body to make
change in conditions
14. Read pp. 182-189
15. Do #6-10 on p. 197 See TE
16. Read pp. 64-73
17. Do #1-7 on p. 83 See TE
18. Describe the difference between
genotype and phenotype.
Genotype: genetic makeup
Phenotype:
physical characteristics
19. Which from #18 affects the likelihood
that an organism will survive?
Only phenotype exposed directly to the
environment is acted on by natural selection
20. Describe feedback loop sequences by
listing the loop and steps.
See #13
21. How does emigration and immigration
affect population of an organism?
Emigration: organisms leave the population;
Immigration: organisms entering the
population
22. What are antibodies and what do they do?
Antibodies: proteins that recognize and
bind to antigens. They attack pathogens
that cause infection.
23. Read pp. 344-348.
24. What are the differences between
recessive and dominant alleles? How do they
affect disease?
Recessive alleles: organism will only exhibit
trait when the dominant allele is not
present; Dominant alleles: organism will
always exhibit that form of the trait.
They affect disease when parents are
heterozygous for a “lethal” trait and
transmit the disease to the next
generation, yet do not express the disease
themselves.
25. Which two systems are primarily
responsible for bringing and removing oxygen
from the atmosphere to the cells and
removing carbon dioxide from the body?
Circulatory and respiratory systems work
together.
26. What is a non-native species?
A species that comes from another area to
establish itself in another.
27. What is biodiversity? Why do we need
biodiversity?
Biodiversity is the sum total of the genetic
variety of organisms in the biosphere.
Species of many kinds provide us with food,
medicine, clothing, industrial products and
pain-killers. One of Earth’s greatest
natural resources.
28. What is the difference between bacteria
and viruses?
Viruses invade and replicate living cells;
bacteria release toxins or break down
tissues.
29. When a hormone stimulates the brain to
react to a chemical change in the body, what
then does the brain do? (think activation.)
Feedback loop! The endocrine system sends
a signal to the nervous system to correct
conditions in the body. Differences
between ions inside and outside the neuron
cause the transmission of a nerve impulse.
30. How do vaccinations protect the body
against pathogens?
A small dose of the weakened virus is given
so that antibodies can form.
31. The membrane of a nerve cell has an
unequal distribution of ions inside and outside
of the nerve cell membrane. What are the
initial states of sodium and potassium ion
concentrations inside and outside of the cell
prior to their movement across the cell
membrane?
Potassium high inside cell,low outside cell;
sodium low inside & high outside.
32. What path does urea take when the body
wants to remove it using the circulatory and
excretory systems? (name the steps)
Circulatory system delivers blood to the
kidneys where urea is filtered and
transported to the bladder.
33. If a person is sick with an infection that
the body normally fights off, what type of
study might a doctor use to determine if the
patient has a suppressed immune system?
Doctors may study people who have
experienced reduced or suppressed
immunity to pathogens that they would
normally fight off.
34. Antibodies engulf and destroy viral
particles.
TRUE or FALSE
35. Antibodies attach to and inactivate viral
particles that have not yet entered body
cells.
TRUE or FALSE
36. What happens to the majority of energy
as it moves through an ecosystem?
Released as heat
37. What leads to a decrease in the number
of producers in an ecosystem?
a. increase in number of predators b.
increase in the number of herbivores c.
increase in the number of scavengers d.
increase in the number of decomposers
38. A small dose of a weakened virus is given
to the patient so that antibodies can form in
order to protect against some viral diseases.
TRUE or FALSE Vaccine!
39. An antibiotic works to cure bacterial
infections by: a. prevents the growth of
bacterial cell walls b. increases the body’s
production of antibodies against bacteria c.
prevents the body from producing antibodies
against the bacteria d. prevents the
bacteria from entering cells to synthesize
bacterial proteins