What are the 4 ways to
transmit infectious
diseases?
-Direct Contact
-Indirect Contact
-Water & Food
-Animal bites
What are Memory B Cells?
What is an “Innate Immune
Response”?
Cells with antibodies that
remain for future use. They can -It is a quick, general and nonbe reactivated if the same
specific response to an antigen
antigen or pathogen enters the or pathogen.
body again.
-People are born with it.
What are the 4 steps that describe an
immune response to a pathogen?
1. Recognition - White blood cells surround the pathogen
and signal T Cells. More T Cells are produced. Then the
Helper T Cells signal the B Cells
A severe reaction to an
allergen. It can cause
swelling, breathing
difficulties and sometimes
death.
How do allergies and
allergens differ?
-An allergy is a high
sensitivity to a certain
substance.
-An allergen is the
substance that causes the
allergy.
How is HIV transmitted?
-Bodily fluids
-Sharing needles
-Unprotected sex
-Blood transfusions
-Blood
-Semen
What do Antibodies do?
They attach themselves to
antigens or pathogens and
destroy them.
What did Joseph Lister
discover?
-Pathogens were being transferred
from doctor’s hands/operating
equipment to patients during
surgery and causing infection in
some cases. He encouraged
doctors to wash their hands and
equipment.
How does a person die from
AIDS?
AIDS is caused by HIV which attacks the
immune system and destroys Helper T
Cells. The body is then unable to
activate Helper T Cells, Killer T Cells or
Memory B Cells. The person will then die
from another, less serious, infection.
What are Histamines?
-A chemical that your body
releases to fight allergens. The
side effects are runny nose,
sneezing, watery eyes, itching,
etc.
Name 4 ways that you can take
care of your immune system?
-Eat a well-balanced diet
-Maintain personal hygiene
-Keep your home clean
-Get rest and exercise
-Avoid tobacco and non-prescription
drugs
-Keep vaccinations up to date
-Don’t exchange bodily fluids with others
-Don’t have unprotected sex
What do Phagocytes do?
They roam the body looking for
pathogens and swallow them
up.
-The flow of FLUID, CELLS
and dissolved substances
from the BLOOD to the site
of infection.
2. Mobilization - B Cells produce antibodies.
3. Disposal - Antibodies destroy pathogens and antigens.
4. Immunity - Some antibodies (Memory B Cells) remain
for future use. This is called “Active Immunity”.
What is Anaphylactic
Shock?
What is inflammation?
What is the first line of defence?
-skin, linings of internal systems
-sweat, mucus, cilia, stomach acid
-tears and saliva
How is a Killer T Cell different from a
Helper T Cell?
-Killer T Cells can work independently to
directly destroy pathogens.
-Helper T Cells signal B cells to produce
antibodies.
This causes fever, swelling
and redness – which is
known as INFLAMMATION
How does a virus reproduce?
-Viruses are non-living, so they
must “kidnap” a healthy host
cell. They insert their DNA into
the nucleus and “hijack” the
cell. More viruses are replicated
and the healthy host cell is
destroyed.
What is an “Acquired
Immune Response”?
-A highly specific attack on
a particular pathogen or
antigen. It is a slower
response and can take up
to a week to develop.
What is a vaccine?
What do B Cells do?
A special version of an antigen that
gives you immunity against a disease.
The weakened form of the disease is
inserted through a needle, or swallowed.
The body launches an attack and
creates Memory B Cells for future use if
that disease tries to enter the body
again.
-They recognize antigens in
the body and produce
antibodies to fight against
them.