Kelso High School
Biological Systems
Summary Booklet
Name…………………………………………………..
Class………………..
Body Organs
You should be able to label the parts of the body as shown below:
Test Yourself
Cover up the labels on the diagram above and see if you can remember
the names of all the organs.
Body Organ Systems
You should be familiar with at least one of the body systems. A summary
of the system you studied in class is shown below.
Patient Consultation Notes
Patient Name…………………………………………………………Date………………………………
Organ Discussed…………………………………………………………………………………………...
Function……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
What can go wrong………………………………………………………………………………………..
Symptoms………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Treatment……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
Technology Used …………………………………………………………………………………………..
Advice given for staying healthy……………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………….
Test Yourself
Read over your notes. Discuss your patient (without looking at your notes)
with someone at home. Explain what is wrong with your patient, how you
know (their symptoms) and how the patient should be treated.
Disease
 A disease is any condition that prevents an animal or plant from
functioning normally.
 Examples of human diseases include the common cold,
athlete’s foot, throat infection.
 Examples of diseases that affect other animals include foot
and mouth disease, myxomatosis and fin rot.
 Examples of diseases that affect plants include chocolate spot,
sooty mould and mosaic virus.
 Diseases can be spread by coughing, sneezing, contaminated food
and water, blood, etc.
 The body tries to prevent diseases getting in by using a variety of
methods, eg skin, ear wax, tears, stomach acid, mucus, etc.
Test Yourself
1. What is meant by the word ‘disease’?
2. Give an example of a disease that affects human beings.
3. Give an example of a disease that affects a fish.
4. Give an example of a disease that affects plants.
5. Name 2 ways in which a disease could be spread.
6. Name 2 ways in which the body tries to prevent diseases from
getting in.
Fighting Disease


White blood cells fight disease in 2 ways:
Some white blood cells carry out phagocytosis. This process is shown
in the series of diagrams below:
Phagocyte surrounds the bacteria.
Bacteria gets taken inside the phagocyte.
Bacteria killing chemicals (enzymes) released.
Bacteria destroyed.
Other white blood cells (lymphocytes) produce antibodies.
Antibodies are Y shaped structures. They attach onto bacteria to
prevent them invading cells. This also helps phagocytes destroy them.
 Antibodies stay in the blood so if you get the same disease again the
antibodies can fight it much more quickly.
 The type of antibodies present in the blood indicates what diseases
people have had.
Test Yourself
1. Which type of cells fight disease?
2. Cover up the descriptions for each of the stages of phagocytosis.
Describe from memory what is happening at each stage.
3. Which type of cells produce antibodies?
4. What shape are antibodies?
5. Why can your body fight a disease much quicker if you have already
had the disease before?
6. How could you tell if someone had suffered from a disease when
they were younger?


Vaccines


Vaccines are used to prevent diseases.

Some examples of diseases we are vaccinated against
include mumps, measles and polio.

Vaccines contain a weakened form of the bacteria or
virus that causes the disease.
When the white blood cells detect the weakened bacteria or virus in
the vaccine they make antibodies to fight it. The antibodies stay in
the blood so if you get it the disease for real the antibodies are ready
to fight it and you don’t suffer from the symptoms of the disease.
Test Yourself
1. What are vaccines used for?
2. Give an example of a disease that we are vaccinated against?
3. What do vaccines contain?
4. Describe in your own words how vaccines work.