Unit 4 Study Guide! Chpt 10:
1. Distinguish between old-growth and second-growth forests
and give one example of each. Distinguish between a
second-growth forest and a tree farm.
2. List five reasons why forests are commercially important.
List five reasons forests are ecologically important.
3. Summarize the range of estimates of rates of tropical
deforestation. Explain why there is so much variation
among estimates. List five ways that tropical forests touch
lives in the temperate zones. Summarize the impact of
deforestation on some of the world's indigenous cultures.
Describe a plan to protect indigenous peoples.
4. List three factors underlying causes of tropical
deforestation. List six human activities which actually
destroy the tropical forests. Evaluate Japan's environmental
track record. Summarize the fuelwood crisis.
5. List four types of tree harvesting, indicating which type of
management they are most likely to be used for.
6. Distinguish among surface fires, crown fires, and ground
fires. Summarize threats to forests from fires, pathogens,
and air pollution and strategies for dealing with each threat.
Key Terms:
aesthetic value (p. 193)
bequest value (p. 193)
buffer zone concept (p. 213)
clear-cutting (p. 198)
community forestry (p. 196)
conservation concession (p. 207)
conservation easements (p. 210)
creaming (p. 198)
creating artificial ecosystems (p. 217)
crown fires (p. 201)
debt-for-nature swap (p. 207)
ecological restoration (p. 217)
ecoregion (p. 213)
ecoregional conservation (p. 214)
existence value (p. 193)
8. List ways to help reduce the interlocking problems of tropical
deforestation and the fuelwood crisis. Address scientific data
collection, economic strategies, policy-making strategies,
cultural strategies, and strategies to reduce demand for
fuelwood.
9. Summarize Costa Rica's efforts to protect and restore forests.
Evaluate the "debt-for-nature" experiment in Bolivia. Describe
one case where individual actions made a difference in helping
to reduce forest destruction.
10. Define wilderness. Describe a biosphere reserve. Summarize
the status of the national Wild and Scenic Rivers System and
the National Trails System.
11. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of whole ecosystem
and species-by-species approaches to increasing sustainability.
Explain how gap analysis can be used as a tool to improve
conservation efforts.
ground fires (p. 201)
habitat corridors (p. 212)
Healthy Forest Restoration Act
instrumental value (p. 193)
intrinsic value (p. 193)
Kenaf (p. 203)
land trust groups (p. 212)
Nature Conservancy (p. 212)
nonuse values (p. 193)
old-growth forests (p. 194)
overgrazing (p. 209)
pastures (p. 208)
prescribed burning (p. 201)
rangelands (p. 208)
rehabilitation (p. 217)
Chapter 11:
1. Describe the economic, medical, scientific, ecological, and
aesthetic, recreational, and ethical significance of wild species.
Define biophilia. Summarize your position toward protection
of different species.
2. Describe the general process of extinction. Compare past
extinctions to present extinctions. Start with E. O. Wilson's
estimates for habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity.
Calculate a range of estimations of biodiversity loss based on
high and low assumptions.
3. Distinguish among local extinction, ecological extinction, and
biological extinction. Distinguish between threatened and
endangered species.
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7. Distinguish among industrial forestry, "New Forestry," and
sustainable forestry. List eight ways to move toward
sustainable forestry management. List at least five ways to
reform federal forest management. List three ways to reduce
demand for wood products. Explain the roles that straw and
kenaf can play in reducing demand for wood.
replacement (p. 217)
restoration (p. 217)
rewilding (p. 214)
riparian zones (p. 209)
rotational grazing (p. 209)
savannization (p. 207)
second-growth forests (p. 194)
selective cutting (p. 197)
slash (p. 201)
strip cutting (p. 199)
surface fires (p. 200)
tree plantation (farm) (p. 194)
undergrazing (p. 209)
US Wilderness Act of 1964 (p. 217)
use values (p. 193)
4. List nine characteristics that make species extinction prone.
5. List three root causes of extinction of wildlife. List eight
human activities which directly increase the wildlife
extinction rate. Summarize the condition of the world's
fisheries and the causes of those conditions.
6. State and briefly describe the most far-reaching international
treaty to protect wildlife. List four strategies that have been
used recently to weaken the Endangered Species Act. List
three recommendations for strengthening the Endangered
Species Act. State three guidelines that conservation
biologists would use to set determine "priority species."
Instructor's Manual: Chapter 10
7. Assess the advantages and disadvantages of using
wildlife refuges, gene banks, botanical gardens, and
zoos to protect wildlife.
8. Describe how wildlife populations can be managed by
manipulating the successional stage of the habitat and
10. Explain how bioinformatics is being used to help protect
wild species.
11. Describe freshwater and marine fishery management and
how it can be improved. Analyze the lessons to be learned
from the decline of the whaling industry.
9. by sport hunting. Evaluate whose interests are
generally the most influential in determining wildlife
management priorities.
Key Terms:
arboretums (p. 244)
behavioral characteristics (p. 223)
biotic pollution (p. 233)
butterfly farms (p. 244)
captive breeding (p. 244)
Convention on Biological Diversity
Convention on International Trade
in Endangered
ecological extinction (p. 223)
ecosystem approach (p. 242)
ecotourism (p. 228)
egg pulling (p. 244)
endangered species (p. 223)
outdoor pet cats (p. 235)
Endangered Species Act of 1973
Precautionary approach (p. 236)
Endemic species (p. 229)
reconciliation ecology (p. 245)
environmental indicators (p. 232)
red lists (p. 225)
feral cats (p. 235)
safe harbor agreements (p. 241)
gene (seed) banks (p. 244)
speciation crisis (p. 227)
habitat conservation plans (HCPs)
Species (CITES) (p. 240)
Habitat fragmentation (p. 230)
species-area relationship (p. 225)
Habitat island (p. 230)
theory of island biogeography
HIPPO (p. 229)
threatened (vulnerable) species
hot spots (p. 226)
voluntary candidate conservation
instrumental value (p. 227)
agreements (p. 242)
intrinsic (existence) value (p. 228)
wild (feral) boars (p. 235
kudzu vine (p. 233)
4. Describe freshwater and marine fishery management and
how it can be improved. Analyze the lessons to be learned
Chpt 12
1. Discuss the importance of aquatic systems research and its
from the decline of the whaling industry.
potential environmental and economic benefits. Describe the
5. Distinguish between coastal and inland wetlands. Describe
ecological services provided by aquatic systems.
the ecological functions performed by wetlands. Describe
2. Discuss how humans have impacted aquatic systems, and how
environmental problems associated with coastal and inland
these actions have affected aquatic resource availability.
wetlands.
3. Describe the problems associated with marine environment
protection. Discuss the roles of legislation, regulation, and
economic pressures.
Key Terms
Asian carp (p. 266)
Asian swamp eel (p. 252)
baleen whales (p. 257)
bycatch (p.253)
cetaceans (p. 257)
comanagement (p. 262)
commercial extinction (p. 253)
exclusive economic zones (p. 259)
high seas (p. 259)
6. Discuss the problems caused by human development of lake
and river resources, including eutrophication, introduction of
alien species, and management for flood control and power
generation. Describe how some rivers are being protected
from development.
integrated coastal management
large marine systems (p. 262)
marine protected areas (p. 259)
marine reserves (p. 259)
maximum sustained yield (MSY)
mitigation banking (p. 263)
multispecies management (p. 262)
optimum sustained yield (OSY)
precautionary principle (p. 262)
purple loosestrife (p. 252)
Sustaining Biodiversity: The Species Approach
quagga mussel (p. 266)
reconciliation ecology (p. 256)
recreational rivers (p. 268)
research frontier (p. 250)
scenic rivers (p. 268)
sea lampreys (p. 266)
toothed whales (p. 257)
wild rivers (p. 268)
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