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Atom Model Laboratory
Objective: Using a model kit and their knowledge of the
Periodic Table, students will be able to construct Bohr
models representing various types of atoms; including
elements, ions, and isotopes.
 Each lab group will use a model kit. Each kit contains two
halves; each half can represent an atom. Inside the kit are
three sets of subatomic particles; ‘-‘ for electrons, ‘+’ for
protons, and blank for neutrons. Please be sure to return
the parts to the bags correctly.
 Look at one of the plates. The sunken center represents
the nucleus of the atom. Each of the four raised
surrounding circles represents an energy level; so these
models are capable of representing an element up to the
4th period.
 On low number elements, each partner can create a
model. On higher number elements, partners will have to
collaborate on one model together.
Constructing a Bohr model
12
1. Consider the element carbon
C
2. According to the periodic table, model the most common
isotope of carbon.
3. In the nucleus, place the correct number of protons and
neutrons. Alternate the positioning of protons and
neutrons as shown. This alternating pattern helps reduce
the repulsive force of like electrical charges.
6
4. Since the element carbon is in group 14 (4), period 2, use
this information to fill in the orbital shells. Add 4
electrons to the valence shell (2), and 2 electrons to the
first shell.
14
5. Consider an isotope of carbon:
C
6. Model the isotope using the above directions.
7. Draw the results in the box below left. In the right box,
draw a Lewis dot model of the isotope. Please use
numbers and not +/-. Use 6p+ and not ++++++
6
Does the isotope Carbon-14 have any effect on a Lewis
model? Why or why not?
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8. Consider the element Oxygen. Oxygen has an isotope O-18
that is common in helium-rich stars.
9. Using the model kit, construct a model of O-16 and O-18
as was done with Carbon. Draw your results below.
O-16
O-18
10. How does O-18 differ from the element Oxygen listed
on the periodic table?
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11. Oxygen bonds with two atoms of Hydrogen to form the
compound Water (H20). Use the Periodic Table to
determine the ion of Oxygen that is formed, and use the
kit to make a model of Oxygen’s ion. Draw your results in
the box below.
Oxygen Ion:
12. How is an ion of oxygen different from the element
Oxygen listed on the Periodic Table?
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13. Pick an element of your choice between 1 and 20, save
our examples of 6 and 8. Model the element and its ion,
and draw your results below. Also draw a Lewis dot
diagram of your element. Label your element properly:
xx
yy
Element:
Ion:
Z
Lewis dot
Summary Questions
1. What is the difference between an ion and an isotope?
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2. What is the difference between a whole-number atomic
mass and a decimal-number atomic mass?
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3. When and why does an atom become an ion?
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