Name ______________________________________
Period _______
Standard 1 Review
Standard 1: Students will ____________________________ the structure of ____________________________.
Objective 1: Describe the structure of matter in terms of _________________________ and
____________________________.
a. Recognize that atoms are too ____________________________ to see.

Each atom is made up of smaller particles called ____________________________,
____________________________ and ____________________________
b. Relate atoms to ____________________________.
c.

Two or more ____________________________ combined form molecules.

A molecule made of two or more different atoms is called a ____________________________.
Diagram the arrangement of ____________________________ in the physical states of matter.
The states of matter are ______________________, ______________________and
______________________.
Solid has a ______________________ shape and definite volume.
Liquid has no definite shame and definite ______________________.
d. Describe the limitations of using ______________________ to represent atoms. List two limitations of using
models:

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________
e. Investigate and report how our knowledge of the structure of matter has been developed over time.

Knowledge and models change as new ______________________ and ideas build upon previous
knowledge.

______________________ thought that matter could be broken into smaller and smaller pieces until it
could not be cut any more. He called these indivisible pieces ______________________. His ideas were
forgotten for over 2000 years.

____________________________ revived Democritus’s ideas about the atom around 1800. He
developed a ______________________ of the atom through his research of gases and compounds. His
model of the atom was a ______________________ ball.

_______________________________ discovered electrons in 1897. Did experiments with a vacuum
tube. Determined there were negatively charged particles and also that there has to be a positive charge
in the atom for it to have a neutral charge. His model of the atom was the _________________________
or _________________________ model.

____________________________________________ discovered the nucleus by doing experiments that
involved gold foil. When he aimed a beam of positive alpha particles at very thin gold foil, most of the
particles went straight through. Some bounced back because they hit something. He concluded there was
a positively charged central area in atoms. His model of the atom was the _________________________
model.

___________________________________________ discovered that there are neutrons in the nucleus
in addition to protons.

___________________________________________ created a more accurate and useful model of the
atom. Came up with the idea of _________________________, with the electrons orbiting the nucleus in
the levels. Electrons form an _________________________: an area around an atomic nucleus where
an electron is most likely to be located.
Standard 1: Students will ____________________________ the structure of ____________________________.
Objective 3: Investigate the motion of _________________________.
a. Identify evidence that _________________________ are in constant motion. Atoms are in perpetual
(constant) motion.

Molecular motion: the speeds at which molecules move in solids, liquids or gases.

Heat energy: the measure of the amount of heat present in a substance.

Diffusion is evidence that atoms are in constant motion.

Diffusion is the ____________________________ of particles from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration.
b. Compare the motion of particles at various temperatures by measuring changes in the volume of gases,
liquids or solids.
c.

Solid: definite shape, definite volume. _________________________amount of motion.

Liquid: no definite shape, definite volume.

Gas: no definite shape, no definite volume. _________________________amount of motion.
Design and conduct an experiment investigating the diffusion of particles.

Diffusion is the movement of particles from _________________________concentration to
_________________________concentration.

Example: Perfume sprayed into a room.
d. Formulate and test a hypothesis on the relationship between temperature and motion.

Temperature _________________________ as the motion of the particles in a substance increase.

Diffusion rates _________________________ as temperature increases, because the motion of the
particles increases.

Temperature: amount of _________________________ present in an object.

When particles move more _________________________, temperature is higher and an object feels
warmer.

When particles move more _________________________, temperature is lower and an object feels
cooler.

Movement is _________________________ as heat is added.

Movement is _________________________ as heat is removed.
e. Describe the impact of expansion and contraction of solid materials on the design of buildings, highways and
other structures.

Expansion: _________________________in the size of an object due to increased molecular motion
from increased heat.

Contraction: _________________________in the size of an object due to decreased molecular motion
from loss of heat.

All materials (especially metals) expand and contract as their temperatures
_________________________

Engineers design their products with _________________________and
_________________________in mind. Examples include: Sidewalks have cracks built into them, doors
and windows have gaps between their frames so that they don’t get stuck when they get hot, gaps in
railroad tracks, gaps in bridges.
Standard 1, Objective 2 Review
Standard 1: Students will understand the structure of matter.
Objective 2: Accurately ____________________________ the characteristics of matter in different states.
a. Use appropriate instruments to determine mass and volume of the solids and liquids and record data.

Mass: the amount of ____________________________ in a substance or object.

Mass versus weight: ____________________________ is a measure of the force of gravity pulling on an
object.

Volume: the amount of ____________________________ matter takes up. How you measure it depends
on its state.

Equipment to measure mass:. ____________________________________________________________

Equipment to measure volume (measure in mL or cm 3):
For liquids: ___________________________________________________________________________

For solids: Cubes and rectangular prisms ___________________________________________________

For irregularly shaped solids: use _________________________________________________________
method (ending volume-starting volume=volume of object)
b. Use observations to predict the relative density of various solids and liquids.

Relative density is when you ____________________________ the
density of a substance to the density of other substances.

The ____________________________ objects sink to the bottom.

The ____________________________ objects float to the top.

In the picture to the right, the ____________________________ is the
least dense and the ____________________________ is the most
dense.

Sink or Float?
Substance
Density
Sink or float in water?
Water
1.0 g/cm3
Um, it’s water
Lead
11.35 g/cm3
Liquid Mercury
13.55 g/cm3
Rock
3.7 g/cm3
Rubbing alcohol
0.8 g/mL
Corn oil
0.9 g/mL
c. Calculate the density of various solids and liquids.
c.

Density = _______________________ /_______________________

We ____________________________ density!
Describe the relationship between mass and volume as it relates to density.

More mass in the same volume = ____________________________
dense.

Same mass in more volume = ____________________________ dense.
d. Design a procedure to measure mass and volume of gases.

A balloon with air in it weighs ____________________________ than a balloon without air in it.
1. Determine the density of water for the following measurements: mass is 150 g., volume is 150 mL.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the density of 10 mL of water compared to 100 mL of water? ________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Find the density of an object with the following measurements: volume is 50 mL, mass is 110 g.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. How would these substances layer relative to each
other? Write the order they would layer, from
BOTTOM to TOP.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
5. Describe what is happening in the bottle below using relative density.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________