Periodic Table Review Sheet
1. What is the purpose of the periodic table? Organize the elements; helps us study chemistry
2. What are groups of elements? How are they labeled? Columns, #1-18
3. What are periods? How are they labeled? Rows; #1-7
4. What do the elements in a group have in common? Same # of valence electrons
5. What are the three categories of elements? Metals, non metals, metalloids
6. Does the periodicity of properties show up down a group or across a period? There is a gradual, predictable change – trend.
7. What is an alloy? Give examples.
a mixture of 2 or more metals; bronze, brass, steel
8. What are the methods for separating a mixture?
filtration, distillation, crystallization, chromatography
9. Where on the periodic table do you find metals? nonmetals? metalloids?
left of zigzag line; right of zigzag line; along zigzag line
10. State four physical properties of metals. Have luster, ductile, malleable, good conductors, most solid at room temp
11. List three properties of non-metals dull (little luster), brittle solids (non-malleable, not ductile), poor conductor
12. Explain the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Give examples.
Homogeneous are the same throughout. coffee with creamer, salt water Heterogeneous can be physically separated.
fruit salad, pond water
13. Where are the most active nonmetals? Group 17, halogens
14. Where are the most active metals located? Group , alkali metals
15. What are the elements of Group 1 called? Alkali metals
16. What are the elements of Group 2 called? Alkaline Earth metals
17. Give examples of chemical and physical change.
chemical: burning, baking physical: change of state, tearing of paper
18. What word means “salt-former”? halogen
19. Give the names and chemical symbols for the elements that correspond to these atomic numbers:
a. 10 neon
b. 18 argon
c. 36 krypton
d. 90 thorium
20. Elements of the modern periodic table are arranged according to their __atomic number________________.
21. List, by number, both the period and group of each of these elements.
a. Beryllium period 2, group 2
b. Iron
period 4, group 8
c. Lead
period 6, group 14
22. What is the general trend for atomic radius as you go across a period? Decreases Down a group? increases
23. How are the shielding effect and the size of the atomic radius related? Shielding effect reduces the pull on the outer electrons
from the nucleus. Therefore, the size of the atom increases.
24. What is ionization energy? Amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom
25. What is the general trend of ionization energy as you go across the period? Increases Down the group? decreases
26. Which of these elements has the highest first ionization energy? Sn, As, or S
S
27. List the following atoms in order of decreasing electronegativity: Cl, K, Cu
Cl. Cu, K
28. What is the general trend of electronegativity as you go across the period? Increases Down the group? decreases
30. Who are Dalton, Rutherford, Chadwick, Thomson, Bohr?
Dalton: modern atomic theory
Rutherford: discovered nucleus and proton doing gold foil experiment
Chadwick: discovered neutron
Thomson: discovered electron
Bohr: Bohr model of atom
31. What are isotopes?
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons (same # of protons)
32. What is law of conservation of mass?
mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
33. What are parts of an atom? What are their charges? What are their masses?
proton – postivie – 1 amu
electron – negative – 1/1840 amu
neutron – neutral – 1 amu
34. What does amu stand for?
atomic mass unit
35. What is an alloy?
a mixture of two or more metals; uses the properties of each metal to make a better material
Know how to find # of protons, # of electrons, # of neutrons, atomic # and mass #.
Know how to calculate average atomic mass and write isotope notation.